induction of twip effect in a trip-aided aisi 304l steel by grain refinement

By refining the austenite grain size in a commercial aisi 304l stainless steel, the sequence of twinning-induced plasticity (twip) and transformation-induced plasticity (trip) effects was observed. accordingly, the merit of the trip/twip steels was achieved for this commercial material, leading to excellent mechanical properties in terms of yield stress, ultimate tensile stress, and total elongation. in fact, due to its effect on increasing the stacking fault energy, the refinement of grains promoted the twip effect at the expense of the trip effect. the results were supported by the interrupted tensile tests and electron backscattered diffraction (ebsd) analysis.