heat transfer enhancement in serpentine mini-channel heat sink by wavy side walls and cuo/water nanofluid

In the present study, a novel geometry of a serpentine mini-channel heat sink with wavy channel side walls is introduced. the results show that the use of wave-shaped channel walls can increase the nusselt number and pressure drop by an average of 67.33% and 157.37%, respectively, when pure water is used as a cooling fluid. adding cuo nanoparticles with 4% concentration makes an improvement of 15.34% in nusselt number in simple mini-channel compared to pure water, on average. this value for the wavy mini-channel is about 93% higher compared to the simple mini-channel with pure water. the thermal performance factor is employed to assess the sustainability of the wavy design of microchannels by considering both thermal and hydraulic performances. the results indicated that the best hydro-thermal performance belongs to the serpentine mini-channel heat sink with the wavy side walls channel and nanofluid in a volume fraction of 4%. which is about 44.2% better than the serpentine mini-channel heat sink with simple side walls and pure water.