estimating higher heating value and chemical exergy of biomass and biofuels

The global increase in energy demand and limited non-renewable resources have necessitated the exploration of alternative energy sources. renewable fuels, particularly biomass and municipal waste, have recently received significant attention. biomass, derived from organic materials like agricultural waste and forestry residues, presents a promising sustainable energy option. municipal waste, too, offers a unique opportunity to harness urban refuse s energy potential. both biomass and municipal waste fuels are readily available, abundant, and environmentally friendly compared to fossil fuelsthis study focuses on developing an analytical method for calculating biomass fuels higher heating value and their chemical exergies, which are crucial factors in estimating energy conversion systems efficiencies. the calculated heating values and chemical exergies are validated by comparing them with published available data. the developed method provides a reliable and accurate approach for evaluating biomass and biofuel s heating values and their chemical exergy, supporting the transition to sustainable energy sources and a greener future. it enables more straightforward assessment and optimization of energy conversion systems based on the first and second thermodynamics laws.