بررسی ارتباط تزریق واکسن با وضعیت ابتلا به کووید-19 و بستری در بیمارستان در دانشگاه علوم پزشکی مشهد با استفاده از الگوریتم‌های یادگیری جنگل تصادفی و شبکه عصبی مصنوعی

مقدمه: بنا به دلیل عدم وجود درمان قطعی برای بیماری کووید-19، مردم در سطح جهان با چالش های عمده مراقبت های بهداشتی، اضطراب و استرس روبرو هستند و تنها راه فعلی رعایت دستورالعمل های بهداشتی از جمله فاصله گذاری اجتماعی و واکسیناسیون است. در حال حاضر واکسن های مختلفی به صورت اورژانس برای این بیماری ارائه شده است که از آن میان واکسن های آسترازنکا، اسپوتنیک وی، سینوفارم و کووایران برکت توسط دانشگاه علوم پزشکی مشهد به واجدین شرایط واکسیناسیون تزریق شده است. با توجه به اینکه این بیماری نوپدید بوده وکارایی و کارآمدی واکسن‌ها در حال به روزرسانی است انجام مطالعه ای در خصوص تعیین و مقایسه میزان ابتلا و بستری بیماران واکسینه شده (اعم از یک دوز و فول واکسینه) با انواع واکسن های مورد استفاده ضروری و مفید می باشد. مواد و روش‌ها: ابتدا با انجام مطالعه‌ی کتابخانه‌ای، مراجع و رفرنس‌های علمی مناسب طرح پژوهشی، گردآوری شدند. پس از جمع آوری اطلاعات لازم، پالایش و مرتب‌سازی داده‌های پژوهش بر اساس دستیابی به هدف تحقیق، انجام گرفت. داده‌های پژوهش مربوط به جمعیت بالای 18 سال بین سال‌های 1399 تا 1401 از سامانه سینا استخراج شد. در این داده‌ها وضعیت تزریق واکسن کووید-19 و نیز ابتلا به کووید-19 و بستری مشخص بود. پس از بررسی شاخص‌های توصیفی، داده‌ها با استفاده از مدل‌های یادگیری جنگل‌های تصادفی و شبکه عصبی مصنوعی، مورد آنالیز، تجزیه و تحلیل قرار گرفتند. کلیه تحلیل‌های آماری در نرم افزار r نسخه 4.2.2 انجام شد. یافته‌ها: در بین افرادی‌که واکسن ویروس تضعیف‌شده دریافت کرده‌بودند، ابتلای کم‌تری از سایر افرادی که واکسن مبتنی بر پروتئین یا وکتور زیستی دریافت کرده‌بودند، گزارش شد. علاوه بر آن از بین واکسن‌های تزریق شده، واکسن‌های تولید شده مبتنی بر ویروس تضعیف شده و وکتور زیستی، در مقایسه با واکسن های دیگر، خطر بستری در اثر کرونا را بیشتر کاهش می دادند. همچنین ابتلا به دیابت، بیماری‌های قلبی-عروقی، فشار خون، تب، سن، شاخص توده‌ی بدنی و واکسیناسیون، بیشترین اطلاعات لازم را در پیش بینی ابتلا به کووید19 و بستری ناشی از آن، بر اساس 2 مدل جنگل تصادفی و شبکه عصبی مصنوعی فراهم می‌کنند. بحث و نتیجه‌گیری: از آن‌جا که ابتلا و بستری افراد مبتلا به بیماری‌های زمینه‌ای نظیر بیماری‌های قلبی-عروقی، دیابت، فشار خون، بیماری‌های دستگاه تنفسی، به عفونت کووید19، بیشتر گزارش شد؛ هم‌چنین وجود ارتباط معنادار حفاظتی بین تزریق واکسن با ابتلا و بستری کووید19، پیشنهاد می‌گردد، افراد با بیماری‌های زمینه‌ای، در اولویت تزریق واکسن قرار گیرند.

evaluation of the relationship between vaccination and covid-19 infection and hospitalization in mashhad university of medical sciences using random forest and artificial neural network

introduction: in 2019, a virus called sars-cov-2 caused a global outbreak of a respiratory disease called covid-19. this virus is mostly transmitted from one person to another through respiratory droplets, and the basic transmission number for this disease is estimated to be 1.87 to 3.31. the incidence and mortality rates of sarscov-2 are changing daily. according to the report of the world health organization, as of may 17, 2021, the number of covid-19 epidemics has reached 16,270,4139 people, of which 3,374,052 deaths have been confirmed. during the covid-19 pandemic, due to the lack of a definitive treatment for the disease, people globally are facing major health care challenges, anxiety and stress, and the only current way is to follow health guidelines, including social distancing and vaccination. vaccine hesitancy refers to delay in acceptance or refusal of vaccine despite the availability of vaccine services . it is a public health challenge fueled by misinformation related to the efficacy and safety of vaccines. in a recent study conducted in england, the fear of vaccine side effects was the most important reason for doubting the vaccine. fear of side effects has been the most important reason for reducing the readiness of health care workers and students in poland to accept the vaccine. a systematic review of strategies to deal with vaccine hesitancy showed that increasing public awareness of the effectiveness of vaccines and their side effects is critical to improving vaccine acceptance. the launch of the covid-19 vaccine in december 2020 was a milestone in overcoming this pandemic crisis. therefore, it has been recommended to divide the epidemic history into pre-vaccination and post-vaccination periods. corona virus vaccines are safe and effective, but as more are administered, researchers are learning about the extent and nature of side effects; reports have been published about the side effects of covid-19 vaccines, such as fever and headache, which are to be expected, but now with the increase in the number of injections, some new rare allergic reactions have been reported, which require further investigation and study on the side effects. it requires vaccination. so far, most of the available data on the adverse effects of the covid-19 vaccine have been published by studies funded by the vaccine manufacturer, which are in accordance with the guidelines of the pharmaceutical authorities and controlled by a third party. in an independent study in the czech republic, the side effects of the pfizer vaccine among health workers and caregivers have been investigated, based on the results of this study pain at the injection site (89.8%), fatigue (62.2%), headache (6 45.0%), muscle pain (37.1%) and chills (33.9%) were the most reported side effects. all general adverse events were more common among the 43-year-old group and the duration was mainly one day (45.1%) or three days (35.8%) after the vaccine. antihistamines were the drugs most commonly associated with adverse events, and those on double doses had an overall higher number of adverse events. regarding the astrazeneca vaccine, 30 cases of anaphylactic shock have been confirmed among more than three million doses, and experts believe that this rate will change with the increase in the number of vaccinations. currently, various vaccines have been provided as an emergency for this disease, among which astrazeneca, sputnik v, sinopharm and koviran barkat vaccines have been injected by mashhad university of medical sciences to those eligible for vaccination. considering that this disease is new and the efficiency of vaccines is being updated, it is necessary to conduct a study to determine and compare the rate of infection and hospitalization of vaccinated patients (both single dose and fully vaccinated) with the types of vaccines used. it is useful. materials and methods: first, by conducting a library study, references and scientific references suitable for the research project were collected. after collecting the necessary information, refining and sorting the research data was done based on the achievement of the research objective. the research data related to the population over 18 years old between 2019 and 2018 were extracted from the sina system. in these data, the status of the injection of the covid-19 vaccine and also the infection of the covid-19 are specified. in the following, the information related to hospitalization in the covid-19 department in university hospitals of the province was collected from his. the extracted data of the above mentioned two systems were mapped and then data cleaning was done. in the next step, the appropriate research method to analyze the observations was selected and based on that, statistical analysis and necessary programming was done. after examining the descriptive indicators, the data were analyzed using random forest learning models and artificial neural network. all statistical analyzes were performed in r software version 4.2.2. also, all the studied variables were measured at the beginning and beginning of the research. results: the results showed that among the people who received the attenuated virus vaccine, less infection was reported than other people who received the protein-based or biological vector vaccine. among the injected vaccines, vaccines produced based on attenuated virus and biological vector, compared to other vaccines, reduced the risk of hospitalization due to corona more. conclusion: there is a significant relationship between vaccination and hospitalization of covid-19. also, among the injected vaccines, the type of vaccine based on the weakened virus performs better both in contracting and in hospitalization of covid-19.