پهنه بندی پتانسیل اکوتوریسمی شهرستان بینالود با تاکید بر توان اکولوژیکی

بهره برداری مستمر از منابع طبیعی تجدید شونده با شناسایی توان اکولوژیک سرزمین میسر است. با توجه به نیاز بشر به چنین منابعی برای گذران اوقات فراغت و از طرفی رشد روز افزون صنعت طبیعت گردی به عنوان یک منبع درآمد در بهبود وضعیت اقتصادی و اجتماعی جوامع محلی, میتوان از این قابلیت ها منطبق با اصول توسعه پایدار استفاده نمود. در این مطالعه ارزیابی توان اکولوژیکی شهرستان بینالود برای کاربری اکوتوریسم که پتانسیل های منطقه را برای این کاربری با بهره گیری از سیستم اطلاعات جغرافیایی (gis) در سه مرحله شناسایی منابع, تجزیه و تحلیل و جمع بندی داده ها انجام گردید. در ابتدا با توجه به مدل مورد استفاده تهیه نقشه های مورد نیاز شامل: شکل زمین (شیب, جهت و ارتفاع), تیپ بندی و تراکم پوشش گیاهی, خاک شناسی, آب مورد دسترس ، فرسایش خاک با عملیات میدانی, آزمایشگاهی و استفاده از gis تهیه گردیدند. در مرحله بعد با تجزیه و تحلیل و جمع بندی داده ها بر اساس مدل با بهره گیری از gis و عملگر and طبقه بندی تلفیق گردیدند بدین ترتیب نقشه پهنه بندی پتانسیل اکوتوریسم منطقه تهیه گردید. بر اساس نتایج بدست آمده بیش ازیک سوم از سطح منطقه مورد مطالعه برای کاربری اکوتوریسم مناسب می باشد. نتایج نشان داد از کل مساحت منطقه یعنی 2/ 1193 کیلومتر مربع ، تنها بخش شمالی منطقه که شهرستان شاندیز در آن واقع شده است، دارای پتانسیل بالا با مساحت 8/180 کیلومتر مربع (5/15 درصد) ، 1/344 کیلومتر مربع دارای پتانسیل متوسط ( 8/28 درصد) و پهنه نامناسب که بیشترین مساحت را در منطقه با 3/668 کیلومتر مربع ( 05/56 درصد) از لحاظ اکوتوریسمی است.

zoning of the ecotourism potential of binalud city with an emphasis on ecological power

continuous exploitation of renewable natural resources is possible by identifying the ecological potential of the land. considering the human need for such resources to spend leisure time and on the other hand, the increasing growth of the nature tourism industry as a source of income in improving the economic and social status of local communities, these capabilities can be used by the principles of sustainable development. in this study, the evaluation of the ecological potential of binaloud city for the use of ecotourism, which showed the potential of the region for this use, was carried out using the geographic information system (gis) in three stages of identifying sources, analyzing, and summarizing data. at first, according to the used model, prepare the required maps including land shape (slope, direction, and height), type and density of vegetation, soil science, available water, soil erosion with field operations, laboratory, and use of gis were prepared in the next step, by analyzing and summarizing the data based on the model, using gis and the and operator, they were combined, thus a zoning map of the region s ecotourism potential was prepared. according to the obtained results, more than one-third of the studied area is suitable for ecotourism use. the results showed that out of the total area of the region, i.e. 1193.2 square kilometers, only the northern part of the region where shandiz city is located, has a high potential with an area of 180.8 square kilometers (15.5 percent), 344.1 square kilometers has average potential (28.8 percent) and unsuitable area, which is the largest area in the region with 668.3 square kilometers (56.05 percent) in terms of ecotourism.introductionecotourism is responsible travel to natural areas, which preserves the environment and improves the lives of local communities (ties, 2006). it is conceptually created from the integration of the tourism industry with a focus on the attractions of living nature (fauna and flora). (nekouie-sadry, 2009). ecotourism helps the visited area through the local community or financial support to directly benefit the conservation of the place and the economic well-being of residents (fennell, 2020). ecotourism, as a type of tourism based on sustainable nature, links environmental sustainability with tourism (adom et al., 2019).since its inception, ecotourism has attracted considerable attention in academic circles and policymakers because it balances conservation and development by creating synergistic relationships between natural landscapes, residents, and the tourism industry (d. a. zacarias, 2017). ecotourism is currently growing rapidly as a dynamic global industry, and at the same time, it is an undeniable fact of modern life, which can leave many positive and negative effects on the environment and society (global et al., 2018) and offers an opportunity to develop products that can contribute to socio-economic development, improve local livelihoods and visitor experience, while protecting local culture, the natural state of biodiversity and ecosystem services ( angessa et al., 2022).according to the estimates of the world tourism organization, the growth of the tourism industry during the years 1980 to 2010 for the world and the middle east is 7.5% and 4.15%, respectively, of which between 30 and 40% has occurred in the ecotourism sector (mousavi et al., 2016). ). also, it is predicted that this growth will reach 3.3 and 10.5 percent for the decades from 2010 to 2030 so that the number of nature walkers will exceed 50 percent (karmi, 2012; gokuk et al., 2011; rahimpour et al., 2012). therefore, most countries in the world are in close competition and seek to take advantage of their natural capabilities so that they can allocate a larger share of the income from ecotourism and create jobs in the simplest possible way (molai and khoshnoud, 2016). therefore, ecotourism as a concept based on the ideals of environmental protection and sustainable development is popular worldwide. as a result, ecotourism to visit natural origins and to protect cultural heritage is considered an economically beneficial option (tolaei, 2013).currently, due to the occurrence of environmental crises, the destruction of resources, and the creation of obstacles on the way to sustainable development, it is necessary to plan and implement development projects based on the assessment of environmental capabilities and taking into account the tolerance threshold of the ecosystem. so, on the one hand, appropriate and continuous exploitation of the environment is carried out, and on the other hand, its natural values are present analysis and findings (sobhani et al., 2023). therefore, before formulating strategies for the development and implementation of economic-social programs, a spatial-analytical survey of the region, understanding its environmental capabilities, and determining the carrying capacity and ecological capability of the land for different uses with the purpose of exploitation continually without the least destruction and preservation of the environment is an inevitable necessity (noori and nowrozi avaragani, 2016). in addition, exploiting the capabilities and capabilities of ecotourism in any region can provide dynamic and active lands for the sustainable development of that region. therefore, it is necessary to evaluate the ecological potential of tourism development in the ecosystem and analyze its capabilities from an experimental point of view (sultani and nouri, 2019).due to the importance of the development of the natural tourism industry and the increasing attention to the sustainability of the environment and its responsible use, much research has been conducted. evaluation of the power of ecotourism has been done in several studies such as (kumari et al., 2010; selkuk & alaeddinoghlu, 2011; bukenya, 2012; dhami et al., 2014; choudhury, 2016; seydaei & hosseini, 2017; tavakoli, 2018; parvar et al., 2019; akbarian ronizi et al., 2020; chen et al., 2020; zabihi et al., 2020).research methodologyin the ecological model of ecotourism use, three power levels are considered, and gradually from the first level to the third level, the quality and flexibility of the land becomes unsuitable for this use (khademi rad et al., 1401). this research is of applied type and spatial-analytical analysis, and the combination of library study methods, ground data, and field survey was used to collect data. the method of multi-factor evaluation is for areas with more accuracy and less extent (makhdoom, 2015). in this method, we do not have weights for the layers, but we prioritize for the user, for example, the slope is very important for recreation, so if the slope is inappropriate, the rest of the parameters are not considered, and the area is considered unsuitable for recreation or in urban development. availability of water is the priority, and if water is not there, urban development has no meaning. in zoning, the ecological model of use is examined in the form of 3 very suitable zones (zone one), suitable (zone two), and unsuitable (zone three).study areabinaloud is one of the cities of razavi khorasan province. the area of this city is 1193.2 square kilometers. this city currently includes two parts, targahba and shandiz, which have been transformed into a city since the end of 2007 in the country divisions. the maximum height above sea level of this city is 3059 meters in jaghargh and the minimum height is 1170 meters in the area of targah dam. the average rainfall of the city is 360 mm and the average temperature is 11.3 degrees. the average height of the city is 2132 meters.analysis and findingstoday, due to the importance of sustainable development of tourism, ecotourism studies are vital and inevitable in any region. one of the most important main stages of ecotourism development is determining the ecological potential of the land in terms of tourism development. with ecological zoning, many effects and consequences can be predicted before the implementation of any project and corrective actions and improvement plans can be provided for them. evaluation of the ecological potential and natural capacities of each region along with proper planning can lead to sustainable and continuous exploitation of natural areas. so, with the increase in population and the psychological pressures resulting from crowded cities, ecotourism has gained double importance as one of the ways to reduce the pressures on people. the development of ecotourism to preserve natural resources should be proportional to the natural and social potential of the region.the presence of unique natural resources in binaloud city, suitable climate, and natural attractions have created very suitable conditions for the introduction of ecotourism, which can improve the quality of pastures and prevent the destruction of the environment based on scientific standards. since ecotourism is a social, cultural, and economic activity, it is necessary to evaluate the components of ecotourism so that the design of recreational complexes can be created according to the components of ecotourism.considering the importance of preserving natural resources, the purpose of this research is to evaluate the ecotourism potential of binalud city based on the ecological method using gis software. the evaluated factors include height, slope, soil erosion, water resources, soil depth, and vegetation cover attractions. then the maps were prepared in the arc gis software environment. next, the classification of the map was done based on the defined classes of the ecological model, and finally, the final suitability map was created based on and logic. the results showed that out of the total area of the region, i.e. 1193.2 square kilometers, only the northern part of the region where shandiz city is located, has a high potential with an area of 180.8 square kilometers (15.5 percent), 344.1 square kilometers has average potential (28.8 percent) and unsuitable area, which is the largest area in the region with 668.3 square kilometers (56.05 percent) in terms of ecotourism. with its high potential, binalud city can take great steps in attracting and attracting tourists, and employment, raising the income level of residents, as well as increasing and upgrading the cultural level of the district, and finally, the development model of the ecotourism industry for the development of tourism, which is ultimately considered as one of the potentials. regional and district development should be next to agriculture, industry, and services.