a review of newcastle disease in ostriche

Newcastle disease was first reported in ostriches in the wild in the 1950s. the prevalence of this disease in domestic ostriches in israel was reported in 1989. this disease was first accurately and laboratory reported in iran in 1329 in tabriz. the newcastle disease virus is transmitted through infected ostrich flocks as well as other birds (chickens, wild birds, etc.). clinical symptoms and mortality are significantly different with age. in farm and experimental infections, adverse effects mainly occur as neurological symptoms, and mortality can be very high in young birds but is low or absent in adults. experimental studies have shown that newcastle disease vaccines in ostriches induce immunity, and vaccination programs using live and killed vaccines at higher doses compared to recommended doses for chickens have been suggested. indirect and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (elisa) have been developed for detecting newcastle disease antibodies in ostrich sera. although hemagglutination inhibition (hi) tests have also been used, reports of problems with this test have shown significant false results. ostriches are different from other poultry in terms of breeding methods and size, so the results may vary when ostrich farms are infected. limited studies on newcastle disease in ostriches have led to contradictory results in different studies. due to the high pathogenicity of this virus in ostrich flocks in iran, studies have been conducted on this disease, revealing that this virus has a significant impact on the mortality of commercial ostrich flocks.