marine sponge’s bioactive compounds in autoimmune disorders: a review

The immune systems of organisms have evolved from porifera to arthropoda over distinctperiods. environmental factors and microbial influences have shaped the immune responsesofinvertebrates, leading to the development of complex genetic traits. various marineinvertebrates, like sponges, mollusks, and crustaceans, have diverse innate immune mechanismsaffected by environmental conditions and microbial interactions. marine invertebrates rely oninnate immunity, including physical and chemical barriers, specialized cells, and humoral agentsto combat infections and minimize harm due to the absence of an adaptive immune system.despite having an impaired immune system, they have metabolites with the potential tomodulate the immune response in more developed vertebrates. sponges produce valuablebioactive compounds with anti-inflammatory,antitumor,immunosuppressive, antiviral, anti-malarial, and antibiotic properties. marine sponges provide biologically active compounds thatstimulate a broad range of immune responses, which can vary among individuals. therefore, it is important to dampen immune responses in certain situations, such as in the case of autoimmune diseases. autoimmune diseases occur when the body triggers a specific adaptive immune response against its antigens, leading to chronic conditions caused by the loss of immunotolerance to self-antigens. this can lead to issues like allergies, asthma, and autoimmune diseases. inflammation can have protective effects but also harmful consequences due to itsassociation with oxidative stress, potentially resulting in severe chronic inflammatory conditions. alcoholic extracts from two marine sponge species have been found to inhibit immune responses. research has indicated potential anti-inflammatory properties in various categories ofmarine sponges, emphasizing the significance of studying these organisms. approximately10,000 sponge species have been identified. the persian gulf and the sea of oman areconducive habitats for these organisms, sparking interest in exploring their anti-inflammatorycompounds. it is important to investigate local sponges for the development of natural anti-inflammatory medications.