influence of probiotics on diarrhea in newborn calves

Calf diarrhea, which usually begins two weeks after the birth, is the primary reason for mortality in calves and financial losses in livestock farms. after birth, the gastrointestinal tract of newborn calves becomes colonized by a variety of microorganisms from the external environment, including rotavirus, causing diarrhea. antibiotics are frequently used to treat diarrhea and encourage calf growth, which causes bacterial resistance and increases the amount of antibiotic residue in meat. therefore, identifying suitable antibiotic alternatives to ameliorate the diarrhea of newborn calves is a challenge for livestock production and public health. since the gut microbiome of pre-weaning calves has been demonstrated to influence the health and growth of cows, colonization of probiotic bacteria in the intestine can be effective in the prevention or treatment of diarrhea in calves. probiotics can inhibit the proliferation of pathogenic organisms by regulating gut microbial homeostasis and improving the intestinal defense barrier. they strengthen the calf s immune system and are very helpful when it is exposed to more pathogens or a stressful period. probiotics can reduce the frequency and duration of diarrhea. probiotic supplements have the potential to reduce newborn mortality and morbidity while promoting calf growth. they can also be used as acceptable substitutes for antibiotics to help calves health in an effective manner.