using the goat pox vaccine to prevent lumpy skin disease in cattle

Lumpy skin disease (lsd) is a viral illness affecting animals, caused by a virus related to goatpox and sheeppox viruses. the disease, originating in africa, has spread to the middle east and iran, causing weight loss, reduced milk production, abortions, and skin lesions. the goatpox vaccine s efficacy in preventing lsd is being evaluated. a literature review was conducted on articles and guidelines related to lsd and goatpox diseases to investigate their genetic relationship and assess the efficacy of using the heterologous goatpox vaccine for preventing lsd. the information on the susceptibility of wild ruminants to lsd is limited, with some reports indicating cases in species like asian water buffalo and impala. while sheep and goats are seen as potential lsdv reservoirs, the role of wild species remains uncertain. vaccination is crucial in controlling lsd spread globally. in areas where lsd was not previously present, strategies like culling infected animals, movement restrictions, and rapid disease control measures are implemented upon detection. however, eradicating the disease is challenging without vaccination if it is vector-borne. selecting the correct vaccine based on local conditions is essential for global disease control. studies have shown that the goatpox vaccine can protect cattle from the lsd virus and elicit a robust immune response. both goatpox and sheeppox vaccines have effectively stimulated antibody responses in heifers. the goatpox vaccine s ability to trigger both humoral and cellular immune responses, by activating th1 and th2 cells, allows for the production of sufficient antibody levels. moreover, this vaccine can boost lymphocyte proliferation and the production of ifn and il-4 following vaccination. these attributes establish the goatpox vaccine as a suitable option for preventing and managing lsd. its ability to induce a balanced and enhanced immune response makes it effective against lsd and appropriate for emergency vaccination programs.