a new approach for preparation of chitosan nanoparticles mannheimia haemolytica vaccine

Lung infection is a common and devastating public health problem with consequences for both humans and livestock due to a decrease in production or death of animals, especially in breeding herds of domestic animals and in endangered wild ecosystems. it develops when the respiratory defense system is compromised so opportunistic pathogens quickly invade and colonize the epithelium of the respiratory tract. among the numerous bacteria and viruses, mannheimia (m) haemolytica is one of the major gram-negative bacteria which create lung infections and respiratory diseases. vaccination and antibiotics are the most effective management practices employed to reduce lung infections. indiscriminate antimicrobial usage not only intensely increases the risk of bacterial resistance but also enables the distribution and transportation of transposons resistance genes. so, this study aimed to investigate the immunogenicity of m. haemolytica vaccine with chitosan nanoparticles. different nano chitosan synthesized with ionic gelation method by various tpp concentrations (0.05% (ncs1), 0.1% (ncs2), and 0.2% (ncs3)). the formalin inactivated immunogen was mixed with three different nano chitosan as adjuvant and injected to balb/c mice at intervals of 2 weeks. changing the tpp concentration causes dissimilar size distribution and immunogenicity so that ncsv1 (tpp 0.05%) has a smaller size and the highest antibody titer than ncsv2 (tpp 0.1%) and ncsv3 (tpp 0.2%).