the role of monoclonal antibodies in veterinary diagnostics and therapeutics

This review aims to provide a comprehensive evaluation of monoclonal antibodies (mabs) in the diagnosis and treatment of infectious diseases in veterinary medicine. it seeks to highlight the effectiveness of mabs in various diagnostic assays and therapeutic interventions, addresses the challenges and potential benefits associated with their use in managing animal diseases. a thorough literature review was conducted using databases such as pubmed, google scholar, and scopus. the search focused on studies from 2000 to 2024 that explore the use of mabs in veterinary diagnostics and therapeutics. diagnostic methods evaluated include enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa), lateral flow assays (lfas), and immunohistochemistry. the review also assessed therapeutic applications, such as passive immunization and targeted therapy, highlighting preclinical and clinical studies. mabs have shown considerable promise in enhancing veterinary diagnostics by providing high specificity and sensitivity. elisa and lfas have become critical tools for detecting a range of infectious diseases, including avian influenza, canine parvovirus, and bovine tuberculosis. these methods facilitate early and accurate diagnosis, which is essential for effective disease management. in therapeutic applications, mabs have been successful in providing passive immunity, offering rapid protection against diseases like parvovirus and respiratory infections. additionally, targeted mab therapies have been effective in treating chronic infections, such as necrotic enteritis in poultry and johne’s disease in cattle. despite these advancements, challenges remain, including high production costs, variability in pathogen antigens, and complex regulatory requirements, limiting broader implementation. mabs represent a significant advancement in veterinary medicine, offering enhanced diagnostic precision and targeted therapeutic options. their application in diagnosing and treating infectious diseases provides substantial benefits, though challenges related to cost and antigen variability need to be addressed. continued research and technological innovations are essential to overcome these hurdles and expand useing mabs in veterinary practice, ultimately improving animal health outcomes.