a summary of biochemical and hematological changes in dogs with visceral leishmaniasis

Leishmaniasis is a zoonotic disease that affects humans and animals, particularly dogs, transmitted through the bite of infected sandflies. it can cause various forms, including visceral leishmaniasis, which can cause skin lesions, weight loss, lymphadenopathy, anemia, and renal failure. early diagnosis and management are crucial for improving animal life quality. hematological and biochemical analyses are essential components in diagnosing and managing canine leishmaniasis. hematological analysis examines blood samples to detect abnormalities like anemia, thrombocytopenia, and leukocytosis, while biochemical analysis evaluates organ function to detect organ dysfunction, especially renal impairment. these analyses provide a comprehensive overview of the disease impact, aiding in diagnosis, disease progression monitoring, and informed decision-making.visceral leishmaniasis affects dogs through changes in white blood cell count, thrombocytopenia, and disseminated intravascular coagulation, mainly caused by infection with l. infantum and l. chagasi. infected dogs have elevated ifn-γ and tnf gene expression, suppressing hematopoietic activity and disrupting iron metabolism, resulting in reduced red blood cell numbers. symptomatic dogs show hyperproteinemia, hyperglobulinemia, and decreased albumin/globulin ratio. severe forms involve renal damage and glomerulonephritis due to immune complex deposition. chronic renal failure (crf) is the main cause of animal death in canl. hematological and biochemical analyses are crucial for diagnosing and managing canine leishmaniasis, providing insights into disease impact, progression, and their use in epidemiological studies to support leishmaniasis control.