a review of the effect of emerging zoonotic viral diseases on male fertility

Fertility in men refers to the ability to reproduce and produce sperm of good quality؛ emerging zoonotic viral diseases are one of the factors affecting male fertility, which causes great losses, however, little research has been done to understand the mechanism of its effect. this research aims to review the effect of emerging zoonotic viral diseases on male fertility. this study is a narrative review method, at first by searching the keywords “viral disease”, “emerging”, and “zoonosis”, related viruses were identified. these viruses were searched with the keywords “male fertility”, “sperm parameters” and “semen parameters” and “testes” in the databases of googlescholar, sciencedirect, pubmed, sid, magiran, civilica, and a free search in google search, then related data were identified and was used in this study. influenza virus impairs sperm quality, leading to infertility. it can cause orchitis (testicular inflammation) and chromosomal abnormalities. coronavirus (sars-cov-2) strongly affects male reproductive organs, the ace-2 gene, expressed in testicular cells, reduces sex hormone secretion and causes hypogonadism. zika virus multiplies in sertoli cells, triggers immune responses, and disrupts the blood-testis barrier. lassa virus causes epididymal inflammation and remains in semen for three months post-infection—crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever virus associated with acute scrotal swelling following orchitis. lasota virus detected in sertoli cells after infection. monkeypox virus leads to seminiferous tubule degeneration and orchitis. fever from viral diseases can harm sertoli cells in the testicle. influenza, coronavirus, zika, lassa, crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever, ebola, and monkeypox viruses may impact male fertility as emerging zoonotic pathogens. controlling virus-carrying animals and insects, promoting safe sex practices, and enhancing public health measures can aid in disease prevention and control. interdisciplinary veterinary and medical research sheds light on these diseases.