the use of bacteriophages in veterinary therapy: a review of recent advancements

Recent studies have underscored the potential of bacteriophages (phages) as an alternative to antibiotics in veterinary medicine, particularly in the context of rising antimicrobial resistance (amr). phage therapy has emerged as a promising strategy to combat bacterial infections in various animal species, with significant advancements reported between 2020 and 2024. one notable review highlights the unique biological characteristics of phages that make them suitable for treating infections in animals. phages specifically target bacterial pathogens, replicating within them and ultimately causing their lysis, which can enhance the immune response in the host. research has shown that phage therapy can be effective against a range of bacterial infections in livestock, including salmonella and e. coli, which are common culprits in zoonotic diseases. for instance, a study demonstrated that phage treatment significantly reduced salmonella enterica in chickens, achieving high efficacy when administered shortly after infection. furthermore, the immunological responses to phage therapy have been compared to traditional antibiotic treatments. one study found that phage therapy not only effectively reduced bacterial loads but also exhibited anti-inflammatory properties, which could be beneficial in managing infections without disrupting the host s immune system. this contrasts with antibiotics, which can sometimes provoke adverse immune responses. despite the promising results, challenges remain in the regulatory landscape for phage therapy. currently, there is a lack of specific legislation governing the use of phages in veterinary medicine, which hinders their widespread adoption. however, recent developments in regulatory guidelines are expected to facilitate the integration of phage therapy into standard veterinary practices. in conclusion, the application of bacteriophages in veterinary therapy presents a viable alternative to antibiotics, particularly in the face of rising amr. continued research and regulatory support are essential for advancing phage therapy and ensuring its safe and effective use in treating bacterial infections in animals.