in silico study of mrna vaccine design for bk viral infection

One of the main factors contributing to human death is always viral infections. vaccination has considerably decreased the morbidity and mortality rates caused by viruses like the poliovirus and smallpox. mrna vaccines are one of the newest vaccines used to treat viral infections؛ they can elicit potent and targeted immune responses against a variety of pathogens. in contrast to dna vaccines and peptide-based vaccines, mrna vaccines possess numerous advantages, including enhanced immunogenicity, the absence of the necessity to traverse the nuclear envelope, natural degradation, and an adjustable half-life. however, traditional vaccine production methods are not appropriate for new viral epidemics due to a number of factors, including the time-consuming nature of the process and the numerous mutations that viruses can undergo. immunoinformatics has recently been a major aid to researchers in their in silico development and assessment of novel vaccines. in emergency situations, it appears that the tools available in this method can be used to respond quickly and optimally in the design of new vaccines. most people are infected with bk polyomavirus (bkpyv), which is a member of the human polyomavirus. immunosuppressed people are severely ill due to the opportunistic pathogen bkpyv. patients who receive allogeneic stem cell and kidney transplants typically experience mild respiratory ailments or no signs of the primary infection. the kidney and urinary tract then become permanently infected in these patients. after kidney transplantation, lytic proliferation can happen in immunocompromised patients, leading to hemorrhagic cystitis and polyomavirus-associated nephropathy (pvan). pvan affects more than 10% of kidney transplant recipients, and 90% of them eventually lose their transplant. treatment outcomes are poor when using current methods to control bkv infection, such as immunosuppression and anti-bkv medication. researchers have proposed novel mrna vaccines that may be therapeutically effective against bkpyv؛ these will be discussed in this article.