novel dengue vaccine design: balancing immunity and minimizing ade

The purpose of this study is to design a safer tetravalent dengue vaccine with a reduced risk of antibody-dependent enhancement (ade), irrespective of the patient’s pre-exposure to the dengue virus. this vaccine aims to cover all four dengue virus serotypes while incorporating components that minimize ade risk. we conducted a comprehensive literature review using keywords such as immune enhancement, ade, and dengue virus in reputable online databases, including researchgate and google scholar. figures were created using biorender for illustrative purposes. ade occurs when the virus binds to suboptimal antibodies, facilitating its entry into cells and leading to severe infection due to enhanced viral replication. preventing ade involves addressing the imbalance between non-neutralizing and neutralizing antibodies. current vaccines include components like the anti-prm protein, a structural protein that induces non-neutralizing antibodies and contributes to ade. replacing this with anti-ns1, a non-structural protein, can promote the production of neutralizing antibodies, thereby reducing the risk of ade. a tetravalent vaccine is essential to provide balanced immunity against all four dengue virus serotypes, preventing partial immunity and reducing the risk of ade associated with subsequent infections by different serotypes. moreover, enhancing the t cell response can improve b cell activation and regulate the production of neutralizing and non-neutralizing antibodies. using the as04 adjuvant, known for its efficacy in inducing robust humoral and cellular responses, instead of the traditional alum, can achieve more efficient immune response. additionally, incorporating more attenuated virus strains can further prevent viral replication. in conclusion, the proposed novel tetravalent dengue vaccine design, incorporating a better adjuvant and targeting different protein components, can achieve properly balanced immunity and significantly reduce the risk of ade.