understanding the impact of gut microbiome on canine cancer

The intestinal microbiota, which is predominantly comprised of bacteria, is believed to have a substantial influence on the health of the host. the dysbiotic gut refers to an imbalance of microorganisms in the digestive system. pathogenic microbes, which are harmful bacteria, have negative impact on the host s body and can lead to the development of tumors through several mechanisms. in a state of dysbiosis within the gut, the epithelial barrier and infiltrate the host tissues, leading to the development of tumors. this review covers the latest data on effects of gut microbiome on the most prevalent canine cancers. canine gastrointestinal microbiota primarily has been found to have a potential contribution to the development of tumors and is associated with approximately 20% of all cancer cases. the gut microbiome has the potential to influence the effectiveness of chemotherapy medications. the commensal microbiota activates inflammatory cells, which play a crucial role in preserving the cellular and gut integrity of the host. drug metabolism, immunological activation, and immunotherapy response are heavily influenced by the microbiota. an unhealthy gut bacterial community, dysbiosis, has been seen in early and late-stage cancer patients. one study conducted in 2020, revealing that the most prevalent bacteria in breast tumors belonged to the phyla proteobacteria, firmicutes, and actinobacteria. the gut bacteria have the ability to impact the activation of the immune system, leading to the promotion of cancer-associated inflammation. the gut microbiota can play a role in mediating tumor responses to chemotherapy and immunotherapy in patients diagnosed with melanoma and lung cancers. in colorectal adenoma and carcinoma h. pylori, e. coli, streptococcus gallolyticus, fusobacterium spp., and bacteroides fragiles have been found in tumors .while not all bacteria participate in the elimination of tumors, a significant number of them are recognized for their role in promoting the growth of cancer.