vaccination with live attenuated l. major and tlr2 agonist promotes cxcl10 chemokine and induces protection against l. major infection in balb/c mice

Leishmaniasis is a skin disease which caused by different species of leishmania. to date, no effective vaccine has been developed to prevent cutaneous leishmaniasis. toll like receptors play a major role in immune responses against leishmania parasites. this study was designed to evaluate the immunological effect of leishmanization with live attenuated l. major and tlr2 agonist in balb/c mice. attenuated l. major (mrho/ir/75/er) was prepared by continuous sub-culturing of the parasite. a total of 30 mice were assigned to 6 groups including of balb/c (g1-6). group 1 was the control groups, group 2 received the wildtype l. major promastigotes, group 3 the attenuated line, group 4 the tlr2 agonist, group 5 the wild-type l. major and tlr2 agonist, and group 6 the attenuated line along with tlr2 agonist. vaccinated mice were then challenged with wild-type of l. major. the chemokine level of cxcl10 was evaluated via flow cytometry. findings of the study showed that the difference in the expression level of cxcl10.in different groups of balb/c was significant (p<0.05) findings of study showed that leishmanization with attenuated l. major and tlr2 agonist induced a th1 immune response via increasing and the highest level of cxcl10. vaccination with the attenuated l. major along with tlr4 agonist promotes a th1-mediated immune response which leads to the protection of balb/c mice against l. major infection. therefore, it can be concluded that vaccination with attenuated strain of l. major and tlr2 agonist can be an efficient method to provide a protective immune response against cutaneous leishmaniasis.