exploring feline injection-site sarcoma: a review

Feline injection-site sarcoma (fiss) is a type of tumor that is said to be the result of the overgrowth of fibroblasts and myofibroblasts in a chronic inflammatory state, which is more pronounced after an injection. the use of inactivated feline vaccines regrettably appears to be connected to the development of sarcomas at the sites where vaccines were administered. however, it has become clear that vaccines are not the only means by which sarcomas can be caused؛ even simple substances that produce local irritation and inflammation within the injection sites may lead to the development of injection-site sarcomas in certain predisposed felines. while the exact etiology remains poorly understood, it has been widely accepted that inflammation caused by administering vaccines and other injections is a significant contributing factor in the neoplastic transformation process. management of fiss is usually multidisciplinary؛ reasonable options include surgery, radiation therapy alone, or combined with chemotherapy or immunotherapy. long-term management of this issue through preventive strategies for fiss is still subject to controversy. some experts recommend changing vaccine sites and using less polyvalent vaccines, while others recommend altogether avoiding adjuvanted vaccines like those with aluminum. in addition, fiss vaccines should be administered at locations where fiss surgery is more likely to be curative, such as when the injection is not performed in the interscapular region. so far, veterinarians have improved a lot in developing measures that help reduce risks related to vaccination by administering only single doses, using separate vials for each cat, limiting vaccine use to cats at risk of disease, and avoiding vaccinating healthy cats against any infections which are rare in the domesticated setting. still, in this case, there are no consensus views. future studies on fiss etiopathogenesis and further improvement of preventive measures and standardized treatment approaches are needed.