zoonotic viral infections in xenotransplantation

Limitation in human tissue and organ sources for transplantation, development of knowledge aboutrejection immunology, and the transplant potential of animal cells/tissues/organs to humans haveattracted more attention to xenotransplantation. currently, various large animals are used inxenotransplantation, including: baboons, chimpanzees, monkeys, and pigs. the most ideal organtransplant donors are pigs, which have received more attention because they are similar to humansin many ways, such as the immune system, physiological metabolism, and even organ size. atpresent, studies are mainly and specifically focused on pigs that have been genetically engineeredto carry some human genes as donors using new genetic methods such as crispr. the mostimportant and major of concerns in xenotransplantation are the risk of transmission of animalpathogens, especially viruses to recipients and the possible adaptation of these pathogens as wellas their transmission from different species. some vector and non-vector born pathogenic viruseshave been found with potential for inter-species and zoonotic transmission to immunosuppressedtransplant patients. to prevent organ rejection in people who have received a solid organtransplant, immunosuppression makes most people susceptible to opportunistic infections. also,one of the other things that should be considered is the reactivation of dormant viruses, which canthreaten transplant recipients and the organ surveillance. transmission of organisms that are notpathogenic in immunocompetent humans may cause disease in immunosuppressed individuals.recombination or reassortment of viral agents with nonpathogenic or endogenous humaninfectious agents, to form new pathogenic ones are also matter of concern need to deep evaluateand on time diagnosis and follow-up. in this presentation focus on discussing important viruseswith potential of co-transmission between humans and animals and their impact on xenotransplantoutcomes.