mrna vaccination for h1n1 influenza virus

Influenza remains a public health threat, partly due to suboptimal effectiveness of vaccines. one factor impacting vaccine effectiveness is strain mismatch, occurring when vaccines no longer match circulating strains due to antigenic drift or the incorporation of inadvertent mutations during vaccine manufacturing. between 2009 and 2020, the predominant circulating influenza viruses in humans were two subtypes of the influenza a virus, a/h1n1 (derived from the 2009 pandemic virus [pdm09]) and a/h3n2mrna, a single stranded rna molecule encoding for a (viral) antigen of interest, is produced from dna by an in vitro transcription process and subsequently injected in vivo where translation of the antigen occurs, towards which the body mounts an immune response. recently, vaccines based on mrna technology have demonstrated efficacy against sars-cov-2 and respiratory syncytial virus and are under clinical evaluation for seasonal influenza mrna vaccines were constructed against the h1n1 influenza virus. we discuss the potential for mrna vaccines to address strain mismatch, as well as new multi-component strategies using the mrna platform to improve vaccine effectiveness. establishing lnps as a biocompatible delivery system, and finally exploring the use of mrna-lnp vaccines in vivo against infectious disease towards translation to the clinic. mrna vaccines could elicit both humoral and cellular immune responses and completely protect mice from the tenfold ld50 h1n1 influenza virus challenge.