بررسی موانع ساختاری توسعه در استان کردستان با تاکید بر شاخص توسعه انسانی

در پژوهش حاضر بعد سیاسی وضعیت توسعه نیافتگی موجود و چگونگی گره خوردن آن با اقتصاد و همچنین پیامد آن در استان کردستان مورد کند و کاو قرار گرفته است. بدون شک بررسی چگونگی کارکرد و واکاوی تمامی ابعاد اقتصاد سیاسی ایران مستلزم پژوهشی وسیع بوده و بعضا به دلیل کمبود داده نمی‌توان تصویری دقیق از انحصارات حاکم بر آن را به دست آورد. ورود منابع هیدروکربنی نیز بر پیچیدگی های این ساختار افزوده است، به گونه‌ای که بسیاری وفور منابع و ظهور دولت رانتیر را عامل اصلی شرایط موجود می‌دانند، غافل از اینکه ساختار معیوب اقتصاد سیاسی ایران بدون درآمدهای نفتی توانایی تامین سطح رفاهی حداقلی و برپا داشتن زیرساخت‌های محدود کنونی را نیز دارا نمی‌بود. در پژوهش حاضر با استفاده از روش کیفی به دنبال پاسخ به این پرسش خواهیم بود که آیا تفاوتی معنی دار در سطوح توسعه‌ای استان کردستان و کلیت کشور مشاهده می‌شود و یا خیر؟ با مقایسه شاخص های توسعه انسانی در سال های 1356 و 1398 این نتیجه حاصل شد که به‌طور کلی استان کردستان به لحاظ توسعه انسانی از میانگین کشوری دارای رتبه‌ای پایین تر بوده است که علت اصلی آن را می‌توان در قالب اقتصاد سیاسی انحصارات معرفی نمود که ریشه های آن به دوران پیش از انقلاب اسلامی در سال 1357 بازمی گردد.

structural obstacles to human development in kurdistan province

introductionin the current research, the political dimension of the existing state of underdevelopment and how it is tied to the economy and also its consequences in kurdistan province have been investigated. undoubtedly, examining how it works and analyzing all aspects of iran's political economy requires extensive research, and sometimes due to the lack of data, it is not possible to get an accurate picture of the ruling monopolies. the arrival of hydrocarbon resources has also added to the complexities of this structure, in such a way that many consider the abundance of resources and the emergence of the rentier state as the main cause of the current situation, unaware that the flawed structure of iran's political economy without oil revenues would not be capable of providing a minimum welfare level and establishing current limited infrastructure. in this research, we will look for an answer to this question, whether there is a significant difference in the development levels of kurdistan province and the country as a whole or not? by comparing the indicators of human development in the years 1977 and 2018, we will try to answer it.methodologythe method used in this research is secondary and comparative quantitative data analysis, and we aim to describe the various aspects of the current situation and find its causes. in order to measure the levels of human development in different provinces of the country, the secondary data analysis method has been used, and as a means to checking different periods of time and provinces, the comparative method has been used.result and discussionin 1976, only in terms of per capita income, kurdistan's situation was slightly better than the national average, and the province's indicators for education and health were lower than this average. finally, kurdistan province is ranked 18th among the twenty-three provinces of the country in terms of human development index. in the post-revolution period, the conditions of kurdistan, along with other regions of iran, have improved. in the field of human development index in 2018, the score of kurdistan was 0.732, which compared to 0.214 in 1976, it experienced a growth of 0.518. in the same period of time, the national average has also reached from 0.247 to 0.783, which indicates a growth of 0.536. part of this can be considered related to global progress and improvement of conditions in most parts of the world, and part of this can be related to the distributional nature of the revolution and a response to the demands of the social downtrodden. nevertheless, we see the continuation of the developmental gap between kurdistan province and the average of the country, which shows a structural dysfunction.conclusionin this article, an attempt has been made to compare the statistics related to the human development index in 2018 and its reconstruction in 1976, to show that kurdistan province is historically more backward than a significant percentage of other provinces in terms of income, education and health variables. therefore, it seems that in addition to social engineering to create restrictions for kurdistan, the root of this backwardness should be found in the historical structures of the center's relationship with kurdistan and its deepening throughout history. therefore, although the relative underdevelopment of this part of iran can be attributed to some policies of the government of the islamic republic of iran, this is fundamentally and historically rooted in other structural variables, some of the most important of which are:- the political economy of monopolies in the history of iran.- core-periphery relationship and unequal economic exchange.- the nationalism project centered on persianness during the pahlavi era and its subsequent stabilization.- identity-based development and, as a result, uneven distribution of resources.- the narrative of the islamic republic of the element of religion and the superior-subordinate relationship arising from it.the nation-building project based on non-developmental policies and the political economy of identity-based monopolies has not only not turned iran into a developed country, but has created adverse consequences for the country in general and kurdistan in particular. this has caused a wide backwardness in the development levels of the country, and as a result, many shortcomings are observed in various aspects of the country's macroeconomics. also, the ruling formation of iran's political economy, which operates in an identity-oriented manner, and the cultural engineering policy that justifies it, has led to a huge waste of resources and the inability to achieve development.