بررسی و تحلیل آیین کشورداری کی خسرو در شاهنامۀ فردوسی با رویکرد روان شناسی مثبت گرا سلیگمن

آیین کشورداری یا آنچه را که سیاست مدن می‌نامند در شاهنامه از رونق و روایی توام با دانش و بینش برخوردار است. اساس شهریاری و فرمانروایی بر دو اصل داد و راستی نهاده شده است. در بسیاری از داستان‌های شاهنامه می‌توان نمودی از روان‌شناسی مثبت گرا را واکاوی کرد. سلیگمن به‌عنوان یکی از چهره‌های اصلی جریان روان‌شناسی مثبت‌گرا نظریه‌ای را مطرح کرده است که برای تحلیل متون ادبی نیز به کار می‌رود. در پژوهش حاضر با تکیه بر منابع کتابخانه‌ای و روش توصیفی- تحلیلی به بازنمایی کنش و منش کی‌خسرو در شاهنامه با رویکرد به آرا سلیگمن پرداخته شده است. نتایج تحقیق نشان می‌دهد کی‌خسرو در کنش‌های شهریاری خود همواره شاخصه‌های «خرد»، «شجاعت»، «عدالت»، «انسانیت»، «خویشتن‌داری» و «تعالی» را بروز داده است. او با تکیه بر عنصر خردمندی، ایران شهر را از بحران‌های پیش‌روی داخلی و خارجی عبور داده و با تکیه بر عنصر شجاعت، الگوی مطلوبی برای سربازان ایرانی در نبرد با دشمن تورانی بوده است. همچنین، عدالت‌ورزی کی‌خسرو موجب افزایش سطح رضایتمندی مردم از حاکمیت و رشد شاخصه‌های زندگی مطلوب شده است. مفهوم انسانیت در بینش سیاسی کی‌خسرو اهمیت ویژه‌ای دارد. به ویژه آنجا که سپاهیان خود را از تضییع حقوق دشمن برحذر می‌دارد. خویشتن‌داری شاه کیانی در برخورد با اسیران و مردم غیرنظامی در این نبردها درخور توجه است. همچنین، کلیت زندگی کی‌خسرو فرآیند تعالی و صعود معنوی وی را نشان می‌دهد.

seligman's positive psychology approach to the study and analysis of khosrow's statecraft in ferdowsi's shahnameh

introductionthe method of statecraft, or what is called civil policy in shahnameh, has prosperity and authenticity combined with knowledge and insight. the foundation of imperial and governance is based on the two principles of truth and justice.ferdowsi′s shahnameh is one of the greatest and most influential epics works of iran and the world. this great work can be studied and researched from different aspects. in many stories of shahnameh, a manifestation of positive psychology can be explored.one of the most outstanding literary works in the field of persian literature is ferdowsi's shahnameh, which contains characterisations, depictions of lofty and ideal human goals, references to desirable solutions to improve the quality of life, and so on. in his literary masterpiece, ferdowsi has mentioned the human being and its positive dimensions, and has provided extensive explanations in relation to idealistic figures such as ky khosrow - who go beyond the usual norms of society. in this regard, the present research, by applying seligman's psychological opinions, will examine and analyse other aspects of shah kiani's personality and shahriari's and pahlavi's actions in order to answer the following questions: a) which of the characteristics of positivist psychology emphasised by seligman are prominent in the character of khosrow? b) by approaching seligman's intellectual foundations, can shah kiani be considered a positive and self-fulfilling person?methodologyseligman, as one of the main figures in psychology, has proposed a theory that is also used to analyze literary texts. the present study, relying on library resources and the descriptive-analytical method to represent the actions and character of princes and heroes in shahnameh with an approach to siligman views .resultthe results of the research show that kaykhosrow always has micro characteristics in his princely actions; courage; justice; humanity; it has expressed self-control and excellence relying on the element of wisdom and has passed iranshahr through the internal and external advances, and by relying on the courage. foreign policy and international relations are part of the most basic axes of government, without it, disorder will show itself in all fields. politically correct thoughts of a ruler can be understood from the type of his foreign relations. the political, managerial and economic ideas of the rulers are the guarantee of the durability and strength or the destruction of the government.he has been a desirable model for iranian soldiers in battle with the enemy. courage is an eminent and praised virtue. in order to prove their status, kings and warriors must have many qualities, one of which is courage. justice and equity are necessary for the king; because in order to establish data, it must first start from him self. ferdowsi considers justice to be very necessary especially for kings; because the expansion and stability of justice in the society is first of all related to the kings. they can establish social justice in the society and look after the poor and destitute people. improvement and prosperity of countries, comfort and peace of people, progress of science and culture have a direct relationship with the justice of kings and rulers.also, kaykhosrow's justice has increased people's satisfaction with the government and the growth of desirable living standards. humanity is based on a person's manner, not on the level of his knowledge. humanity is a virtue in relation to others, altruistic and social behavior. a kind of altruistic culture away from any benefits for oneself.the concept of humanity is of especial importance in kay khosrow's political vision. in the battle of the iranians with the turanians, he clearly showed this feature and warned his troops against violating the rights of humans. humanity is based on a person's temperament, not on the level of his knowledge. humanity is a virtue that we should have altruistic and social behavior when communicating with others. which is actually a kind of altruistic culture that is far from any benefits for oneself.shah kiani's restraint in dealing with prisoners and civilians in these battles is commendable. also, the whole life of kaykhosrow shows the process of his transcendence and spiritual ascent. he should be considered the political and religious leader of the iranians. conclusionin this research, the personality of khosrow in ferdowsi's shahnameh has been analysed based on seligman's opinions in the field of positive psychology. the results of the research show that king khosrow used the element of wisdom in his political actions, thus improving the quality of his kingdom. others also consider him to be a holder of wisdom and have always respected him.justice and fairness is one of the main characteristics of ki khosrow's statecraft. after coming to power, having identified the weaknesses of his ancestor's kingdom, he seeks to rectify them.another theme is humanity. in khosrow's intellectual structure, man has a special position and dignity. shah kiani, who sees himself as one of the forces of ahura, tries to respect humanity in all circumstances and to eliminate the opponents of this way of thinkin self-control is the virtue of standing against avarice. usually, this word is used as a characteristic of abstinence. when self-control is translated into psychological language, it becomes self-efficacy or self-regulation, that is, the ability to review, manage one's emotions, motivation, and behavior in the absence of external assistance.