شناسایی و تبیین مولفه های هویت ساز معماری آرامگاهی با نگرش فرهنگی (مورد مطالعه: آرامگاه تاریخی شیخ عبدالصمد و آرامگاه معاصرحافظ)

بناهای آرامگاهی ازجمله آثار معماری هستند که برگرفته از آداب‌ و رسوم و فرهنگ و مذهب کشور خویش ایجاد شده‌اند؛ لذا برای شناخت هویت معماری و هنری نهفته در این نوع بناها می‌بایست؛ مفاهیم اجتماعی، اعتقادی، فرهنگی و... آن کشور را که در بستر ادوار تاریخی شکل‌ گرفته، مورد بررسی قرارداد. مقاله حاضر به بازخوانی مفاهیم فرهنگی موثر بر شکل‌ گیری هویت معماری در دو آرامگاه تاریخی شیخ عبدالصمد و معاصر حافظ شیرازی می‌پردازد. روش تحقیق توصیفی - تحلیلی بوده و گردآوری اطلاعات بر اساس مطالعات کتابخانه‌ای انجام پذیرفته است. هدف اصلی تحقیق شناسایی و تبیین مولفه‌های فرهنگی سازنده هویت در معماری آرامگاه‌های ایرانی است تا بتوان با بازیابی و به‌کارگیری آن‌ها در معماری معاصر، آرامگاه‌های امروزی را به بناهای هویت‌مند تبدیل نمود. در راستای دستیابی به هدف تحقیق مولفه‌های هویت‌ساز معماری و عوامل فرهنگی در تعامل میان هویت و معماری در دو بنای آرامگاهی تاریخی (آرامگاه شیخ عبدالصمد) و معاصر (آرامگاه حافظ) مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. یافته‌های تحقیق بیانگر این است که در هر دو بنای آرامگاهی توجه به عناصر هویت‌ساز فرهنگی اعم از: کالبد و ساختار، ارزش‌ها و هنجارهای زمان، همخوانی با بستر و انطباق باروح و روان مخاطب و نیازهای وی مورد تاکید بوده است، تغییرات فرهنگی و نوع نگاه معمار به رفع نیازهای اجتماعی - فرهنگی ازجمله عواملی است که موجب تفاوت در معماری دو بناشده است. نتایج تحقیق نشان‌دهنده آن است که تلفیق عناصر کالبدی سنتی و معاصر در فرم، مصالح و هندسه و همچنین به‌کارگیری الگوی باغ و کوشک، عناصر اربعه طبیعت (خاک، آب، باد و آتش) می‌تواند ضمن احیای هویت معماری و فرهنگ غنی ایرانی‌اسلامی، پایداری بنا را نیز به همراه داشته باشد.

identifying and exploring identity-building components in funerary architecture with a cultural perspective (case study: shrines of sheykh abdul samad and hafiz)

introduction: shrine buildings are among the architectural works that were created based on the customs, culture and religion of their country. therefore, to know the identity of architecture and art hidden in this type of buildings; he examined the social, religious, cultural concepts, etc. of that country, which was formed in the context of historical periods. considering that the contemporary architecture of iran is facing many challenges, the tombs and other holy places that are built in our country, often do not benefit from the principles and components of the identity of iranian architecture that represent the identity and culture of the country. it seems that explaining the principles and foundations of the identity of iranian architecture and recovering its components in the bodies of contemporary tombs and providing solutions and approaches to improve the identity of iranian architecture in contemporary tombs of iran is an urgent matter. the main goal of the research is to identify and explain the components of identity in the architecture of iranian shrines with a cultural perspective, so that by recovering and using them in contemporary architecture, today's shrines can be transformed into identity buildings. in order to achieve the goal of the research, two main questions are raised as follows: 1- from a cultural point of view, what are the components of architectural identity in iran's shrines? 2- how can the components of cultural identity be counted in the architecture of contemporary shrines in iran?methodology: in terms of nature, this research is qualitative research with a philosophical approach and in terms of intention, it is interpretive. the research method is descriptive-analytical and data collection is based on library studies. the method of analyzing the data is in the form of inductive reasoning. in order to achieve the goal of the research, the identity building components of architecture and cultural factors in the interaction between identity and architecture were investigated in two historical (shrine of sheikh abdul samad) and contemporary (shrine of hafez).results: the findings show that the architectural identity factors (including: body and structure, values and norms of the time, harmony with the background and adaptation to the audience's soul and psyche) and cultural factors (including: texture, climate, physical factors, expression of the spirit of the time and adaptation to human needs) are one of the most important factors in the interaction between identity and architecture, and by identifying and rereading, combining and representing them with the factors that form architectural identity in tomb buildings, it is possible to create identity buildings. although these components have been emphasized and paid attention to in both studied tomb buildings, cultural changes and the way the architect looks at meeting socio-cultural needs are among the factors that cause the difference in the architecture of the two buildings.conclusion: in a general summary and taking into account the direct and two-way relationship between architectural identity building components and cultural attitude, we can draw the following conclusion. that the integration of traditional and modern physical elements in form, materials and geometry, as well as the use of environmental and climatic patterns such as garden and pavilion patterns, the four elements of nature and paying attention to the region's climate can revive the identity, iran's rich islamic architecture and culture should also maintain sustainability and economic efficiency.