oxidative stress and endocrine disruption following exposure to chlorpyrifos

Chlorpyrifos (cpf) is a widely used organophosphate pesticide that has been shown to cause a range of toxic effects, including oxidative stress and endocrine disruption. this review aims to summarize the most recent findings regarding cpf’s toxicological impacts on human health, with a focus on its mechanisms of action, particularly in relation to oxidative stress and endocrine disruption. the review also addresses the environmental persistence of cpf and the potential cumulative effects of chronic exposure. recent studies (2018–2023) are integrated to present novel insights into cpf-induced cellular damage, as well as its broader implications for public health and the environment. furthermore, the paper discusses potential strategies for mitigating cpf’s harmful effects, including bioremediation and antioxidant therapies.