تحلیلی بر مفاهیم نمادین رنگ ها و اَشکالِ ایزدان رَع و حوروس در آثار هنری مصر تاکاهاتا

ایزدان در تمدن و هنر مصر بسیار با اهمیت هستند. ایزدان مصری، همانند ایزد رَع (ایزد خورشید) و ایزد حوروس (ایزد آسمان) سرچشمه ای از طبیعت بودند. نمادها و سمبل ها کاربرد بسیاری در هنرِ مصر داشته‌است. هنر مصری، هنری نمادین و سمبلی است و هنرمندان مصری از این نمادها و سمبل ها در آثار هنری استفاده کرده اند. رنگ های مورد استفادۀ آن ها نیز نمادین بوده‌است و معنا و مفهومی داشته‌است. با توجه به جایگاه هر ایزد، هنرمندان مصری در تصویرسازی ظاهری این خدایان از رنگ ها، حیوانات و اَشکال متفاوتی بهره گرفته اند. هنرمندان در تجسم ایزد رع و ایزد حوروس از بدنی انسانی، سَر و صورتِ حیوانی (شاهین) استفاده کرده اند. جامعه آماری این پژوهش آثار هنری مصری است که ایزد رع و حوروس در آن ها ترسیم شده اند همچون نقاشی دیواری، نقش برجسته و اِستل یا سنگ نبشته در معبد ها و مقبره ها. نگارنده با روش پژوهش توصیفی تحلیلی و با استفاده از گردآوری اطلاعات به روش اسنادی بر آن است تا به پرسش این پژوهش پاسخ دهد که ارتباط میان مفهوم نمادین رنگ ها و اَشکال ایزدان رع و حوروس در نقاشی و نقش برجسته های مصری با ویژگی ها و جایگاه اسطوره ای ایزدان موردِ اشاره چگونه است. هدف این پژوهش، مطالعه تطبیقی ظاهری ایزد رع و حوروس در آثار هنری مصری است. ظاهر ایزد رع و حوروس در آثار هنری یکسان است ولی در شکل و رنگ تاج با هم تفاوت دارند. تاج ایزد رع دایره است و ماری به دور آن پیچیده‌است. تاجِ ایزد حوروس نشانگر پادشاهی اش بر تمام مصر علیا و مصر سفلی است که شکلی ترکیبی دارد.

an analysis of the symbolic meanings of the colours and shapes of the gods ra and horus in egyptian works of art

gods are very important in ancient egyptian civilization and art. egyptian gods, like the god ra (god of the sun) and the god horus (god of the sky), were sources from nature. symbols have been used a lot in egyptian art. egyptian art is symbolic and symbolic art, and egyptian artists have used these symbols in their works of art. the colours used by them were also symbolic and had meaning. according to the position of each deity, egyptian artists have used different colours, animals and shapes in the appearance of these deities. artists have used a human body, animal head and face (falcon) in the representation of god ra and god horus. the statistical population of this research is the egyptian works of art in which the gods ra and horus are depicted; such as: mural, relief and stelae or inscribed stones in temples and tombs. the author tries to answer the question of this research with the descriptive analytical research method and by collecting information with a library method, which is the relationship between the symbolic concept of the colours and forms of the gods ra and horus in egyptian paintings and reliefs with their characteristics and positions. what is the mythology of the mentioned gods? the purpose of this research is to study the appearance of ra and horus in egyptian works of art.egyptian art is a symbolic art that is a combination of eternalism, religion, immortality and belief in the afterlife. egyptian artists always reflected the good aspects of life in their works and used colour to bring the figures to life. the remains of this civilization date back to 5000 bc. until 3000 bc. egyptian civilization in the transition period (from hunting to agriculture) like other civilizations that were formed by the big rivers, it was created by the nile river. nature is very important for egyptians and their gods originated from nature. the gods of the sun have special importance in different tribes and nations such as egypt. in the egyptian civilization, there have been many gods, each of which had a place; like: god ra (god of the sun), anubis (god of death, dead and burial), horus (god of the sky), osiris (god of the underworld), bes (god of marriage), khepri (god of life changes), set, also known as seth and suetekh, (god of chaos) and, etc. . egyptian artists have used different and diverse colours, animals and shapes in depicting the gods, according to their positions. these colours, animals and shapes each have a symbol in egyptian culture. animals have been symbolic figures in egyptian art. the images of these gods are used in architecture, ornaments, sculptures, murals, reliefs, inscribed stones, etc. the statistical population of this research is murals and reliefs in tombs, catacombs, temples and stelae. egyptian artists used six colours, green, blue, red, yellow, white and black. according to the statistical population, the main question and the purpose of the current research; in this research, blue, yellow, red and white colours have been investigated more. in addition, it has investigated the symbolic concepts of animals, nature and shapes. the present research tries to answer the question and purpose of this research with the descriptive analytical method and collecting information in a library method, so that by examining the statistical population of this research, the apparent, conceptual and symbolic similarities and differences of these two deities can be determined. the data of this research is qualitative. the statistical population of this research is egyptian works of art (murals, reliefs and stone inscriptions). the sampling of this research is purposeful and by selecting the works in which there is a colour depiction of the gods ra and horus.