مطالعه تاثیرات جنگ بر عناصر دیداری موجود در تصاویر انیمه ژاپنی مدفن کرم­های شب­تاب اثر ایسائو تاکاهاتا

هنر هر دوران در طول تاریخ بازتاب‌دهنده‌ تحولات جامعه‌ حاکم بوده، از آن تاثیر پذیرفته و بر روی آن تاثیر می گذارد. گاه این تحولات در دنیای انیمه به عنوان شاخه ای از هنر به‌واسطه‌ حضور تصاویرِ متحرک محسوس می گردند. جنگ و پیامد های آن نیز پدیده هایی هستند که از گذشته مورد توجه هنرمندان قرار گرفته و امروزه همچنان در راستای آن آثار هنری شکل می گیرند. یکی از این دسته آثار، انیمه ژاپنی مدفن کرم های شب تاب به کارگردانی ایسائوتاکاهاتا است که به نظر می رسد در مراحل ساخت آن، جنگ بر برخی عناصر دیداری موجود در تصاویر اثر بی‌تاثیر نبوده‌است و از این جهت پرسشی که برای پژوهشگر مطرح می شود این است که محوریت جنگ چه تاثیری بر برخی عناصر دیداری موجود در تصاویر انیمه ژاپنی مدفن کرم های شب تاب اثر ایسائوتاکاهاتا داشته‌است؟ و هدف از انجام این پژوهش نیز، مطالعه ای بر تاثیرات محوریت جنگ بر عناصر دیداری موجود در تصاویر انیمه ژاپنی مدفن کرم های شب تاب اثر ایسائوتاکاهاتا است. این پژوهش از نوع توصیفی تحلیلی بوده و با تکیه بر ابزار کتابخانه ای، اینترنتی و همچنین مشاهده‌ نمونه‌ موردی این پژوهش « انیمه ژاپنی مدفن کرم های شب تاب» به انجام رسیده‌است و یافته‌های این پژوهش به‌گونه ای گویای این هستند که کارگردان در راستای محوریت اثر و انتقال پیام درست به مخاطب، از قابلیت های موجود در عناصر و کیفیاتی همچون خطوط و اشکال، رنگ و میزان اشباع آن، تضاد و تباین موجود در تصاویر، ترکیب‌بندی و چیدمان عناصر و همچنین در نهایت از حرکت بهره برده و آن ها را ترکیب کرده‌است.

the study of the effects of war on the visual elements in the pictures of the japanese anime grave of the fireflies by isao takahata

throughout history, humans have faced the phenomenon of war in their lives, and war is also a set of social issues that are included in the category of anomalies in human life, as well as damage and consequences. it brings with itself destruction, anxiety, chaos, and death. naturally, due to the mentioned reasons, the artists of the societies react to this issue and are influenced by it. artists, as leaders of art and culture, have different approaches to war based on the time and place conditions, the aesthetic standards of their era, as well as their expertise in different artistic fields. the effects of historical wars, both big and small, can be seen in different ways in the cinematographic, visual, literary and musical artworks. in artworks related to war, artists represent narratives and individual and collective feelings. these concepts make the survivors and the new generation understand the events and disasters that sometimes bring a sense of shame and sometimes a sense of collective pride. artists throughout history, inspired by some common cultural, political, and social conditions, record narratives or embody their personal view of events, among which some retell the war with a heroic perspective, and some also depict catastrophes and destructions. these cases are sometimes evident in the world of anime and animation. anime and animation, due to their features, i.e., conveying feelings with the help of images and movement, the freedom of the artist in designing characters and using visual elements and qualities, makes it possible to create a deeper connection between the artist and the audience. many artists around the world have recounted the tragedies and consequences of war by relying on this field of art. for example, japanese anime artists such as miyazaki and takahata have started creating works of art in line with the second world war, which had engulfed japanese society at times. the swing is considered to be the work of isao takahata. it should be noted that animes, which are animation products specific to japan, include a collection of several artistic fields, including drawing, painting, acting, dancing, sculpture, photography, and music, and in this, it can be said: anime art is included in the category of visual arts, in such a way that aesthetics, the effect of its elements and its visual quality require a general understanding of the principles and basics of the aforementioned arts, as well as having visual literacy, because having a coherent artwork comes from the basic combination of qualities and visual elements that some of these qualities and visual elements are changed in line with the theme of the anime. it seems that the focus of the war on some elements and visual qualities was not unaffected in the anime grave of the fireflies . from this point of view, the question raised for the researcher is: what effect did the centrality of war have on some visual elements in the pictures of the japanese anime, isao takahata’s grave of the fireflies? and the purpose of this research is to study the effects of the focus of the war on the visual elements in the pictures of the japanese anime, grave of the fireflies, by isao takahata. this article has been done in a descriptive analytical way, and the information contained in it has been obtained through the use of some library and internet sources, as well as observation and study of isao takahata’s grave of the fireflies anime have been collected. in this way, some of the visual elements and qualities present in the considered sample pictures have been investigated based on the effects of war on them.