تحلیلی بر دو اثر با موضوعی همسان از گوستاو کلیمت و اِگُن شیله با تاکید بر مفاهیم نمادین رنگ ها

زندگی بشر آکنده از نماد است. در عرصه هنر رنگ ها از دیرباز معنایی نمادین داشته‌است. در اواخر قرن نوزدهم، نهضت نمادگرایی با بیانیه نمادگرایان در فرانسه آغاز گردید و نقاشی ایده ها به وسیلة آلبرت اوربر در پیوند با هنرهای تجسمی تعریف شد. گوستاو کلیمت، از نقاشان سبک سمبولیسم بود. وی کوشید همانند شاعری پُراحساس، مفاهیم کلی و انتزاعی مانند زندگی، مرگ، موسیقی، شهوت و حسادت را با خطوط و رنگ‌های نمادین مجسم کند. اِگُن شیله -نقاشی با سبک اکسپرسیونیسم- از شاگردان وی بود و از سبک سمبلیستی استادش متاثر بوده‌است. نگارندگان با روش پژوهش توصیفی‌‌تحلیلی و روش اسنادی به گردآوری اطلاعات پرداخته‌اند تا به پرسش اصلی پژوهش پاسخ دهند. این پژوهش، به بررسی تطبیقی رنگ های نقاشی «بوسه» اثر گوستاو کلیمت و نقاشی «کاردینال و راهبه (مراقبه)» اثر اِگُن شیله می پردازد که در ارتباط با هدف پژوهش حاضر است. پرسش پژوهش این است که دو نقاشی مذکور از منظر معنای نمادین رنگ ها چه تاثیری بر روی درک احساسی مخاطب می‌گذارند؟ دستاورد پژوهش نمایانگر آن است که دو اثر هنری با  آنکه  موضوع یکسانی دارند ولی هنرمندان در گزینشِ رنگ ها به مقصود و احساساتِ خود توجه کرده اند. با توجه به گزینش رنگ ها، یک اثر حس نگرانی و ترس و اثرِ دیگر، حس علاقه و عشق را به مخاطب القا می کند.

an analysis of two works with the same theme by gustav klimt and eugène schiele with emphasis on the symbolic meanings of colors

human’s life is full of symbols. in the field of art, colours have long had a symbolic meaning. in the late nineteenth century, the symbolism movement began with the declaration of symbolism in france, and the painting of ideas was defined by albert orber in connection with the visual arts. gustav klimt was a symbolist painter and, like an emotional poet, tried to embody general and abstract concepts such as life, death, music, lust and jealousy with symbolic lines and colours. eugene schiele was one of his students in the expressionist style of painting and was influenced by his master’s symbolic style. the authors answer the research question with descriptive-analytical research method and library information collection method. this study is a comparative study of gustave klimt’s painting &the kiss& and eugene schiele’s painting &cardinal and the nun (meditation)&. the research question is to compare and evaluate the effect of these two paintings from the perspective of the symbolic meaning of colours on the emotional perception of the audience? the result of this research shows that although the two works of art have a common theme, the artists have paid attention to their purpose and feelings in choosing the colours. depending on the choice of colours, one effect induces a sense of anxiety and fear and the other effect induces a sense of interest and love to the audience.artistic styles and techniques have been created according to the culture, social conditions and geography of each place. symbolism was a reaction to the school of impressionism as well as the principles of realism. expressionism was also a reaction to symbolism. the symbolists conveyed all their intentions through the symbols. expressionists expressed their emotions, especially fear, anxiety, and love, through colour; they exaggerated in the use of colour and drawing. colour has a special place in the lives of humans and artists. by seeing the colours used in the art of any culture and society, one can understand the feelings of the people of that culture. colours can define a person’s mood and also create a special halo or energy in the atmosphere.colour has existed in human life since time immemorial. until the nineteenth century, only a few dyes and pigments were known, most of which were organic in origin and very expensive, but today humans use synthetic materials to produce multiple and cheaper dyes. colours are present in all human life and are very important and are a part of our lives. spectacular and visible colours have different effects on nature and the human mind. every colour has a use and meaning in every place. the perception and interpretation of each colour is different in each culture. colour symbolism is universal; it is one of the most important symbolic systems of man. colours evoke what it symbolizes.the statistical population of this research is the painting &the kiss& by gustav klimt and the painting &cardinal and the nun (meditation)& by eugene schiele. in this study, the authors conducted a comparative study of the colours of the painting &the kiss& by gustave klimt and the painting &cardinal and the nun (meditation)& by eugene schiele, which is the purpose of this study. also, what effect do these two paintings have on the emotional perception of the audience in terms of the symbolic meaning of colours?the present study is based on collecting library information method with a fundamental purpose and descriptive-analytical method to answer the question and purpose of this research. the simultaneous and historical comparative method as well as the study of the statistical population of this research to determine the common, conceptual and symbolic differences between these two paintings. the type of this research is qualitative. the statistical population of this research is two paintings by two artists with the style of symbolism and expressionism; these include the painting &the kiss& by gustave klimt and the painting &cardinal and the nun (meditation)& by eugene schiele.the sampling of this research is purposeful and by selecting two paintings by two artists with the style of symbolism and expressionism that have the same theme, but each artist has chosen colours and each colour has a symbolic meaning and these colours have affected the emotional perception of the audience. this research first uses a descriptive method