شناسایی و سطح‌بندی عوامل موثر در اوقات فراغت بانوان با تاکید بر فعالیت‌های بدنی

هدف این پژوهش تدوین شناسایی و سطح‌بندی عوامل موثر در اوقات فراغت بانوان با تاکید بر فعالیت‌های بدنی با رویکرد مدل‌سازی ساختاری تفسیری است. این پژوهش از نظر جهت‌گیری پژوهش، کاربردی و از نظر فلسفۀ پژوهش، در زمرۀ پژوهش‌های آمیخته است. جامعۀ آماری این تحقیق را متخصصان و کارشناسان اوقات فراغت و همچنین متخصصان مدیریت ورزشی و کارشناسان برگزاری رویدادهای ورزش خانوادگی و زنان تشکیل داده‌اند. در بخش کیفی تحقیق، به‌منظور گردآوری اطلاعات از ابزار مصاحبۀ عمیق و در بخش کمّی تحقیق، ابزار به‌کارگرفته‌شده پرسش‌نامه بود. به‌منظور تجزیه‌وتحلیل اطلاعات بخش کیفی از سه فرایند هم‌پوش کدگذاری باز، محوری و گزینشی و به‌منظور تحلیل اطلاعات بخش کمّی از روش مدل‌سازی ساختاری تفسیری با نرم‌افزار ism software استفاده شد. یافته‌ها در بخش کیفی، نشان داد عوامل موثر در اوقات فراغت بانوان با تاکید بر فعالیت‌های بدنی، از 115 کد باز و 33 مفهوم و 14 مقولۀ اصلی تشکیل شده است. همچنین نتایج مدل ساختاری تفسیری در بخش کمّی، نشان داد که درک نیاز به ورزش بانوان، تجهیزات و امکانات اثرگذار، وضعیت جامعه‌پذیری اوقات‌فراغت بانوان و وضعیت درآمدی و مالی بانوان در سطح اول، عوامل فردی در سطح دوم، شرایط اجتماعی خانواده و بستر‌سازی سازمان‌ها برای اوقات‌فراغت بانوان و دانش‌افزایی بانوان درمورد اوقات‌فراغت در سطح سوم، ترویج فعالیت‌های بدنی در قالب اوقات فراغت برای بانوان، بهبود جامعه‌پذیری افراد در جامعه، حمایت‌های مالی در بخش خصوصی و دولتی، آموزش و توجه به یافته‌های پژوهشی مرتبط و بهبود وضعیت روان‌شناختی فردی در سطح چهارم و بهبود وضعیت زندگی در سطح پنجم قرار دارند.

identifying and leveling factors affecting women’s leisure time with emphasis on physical activities

the present study aimed to identify and classify factors affecting women’s free time with an emphasis on physical activity using an interpretive structural modeling approach. this study is applied research in terms of orientation and mixed in terms of research philosophy. the statistical population of this study included free-time experts, sports management experts, and experts in holding family and women’s sports events. theoretical sampling was used to identify the number of people and find the research direction. a theoretical saturation was achieved after conducting 15 in-depth interviews. in the qualitative section of the study, an in-depth interview tool was used to collect data. in the quantitative section, a questionnaire was used. to analyze the data in the qualitative section, three overlapping processes of open, axial, and selective coding were used. to analyze the data in the quantitative section, the interpretive structural modeling method was used in the ism software. the results of the qualitative section revealed that the factors affecting women’s free time with an emphasis on physical activity include 115 open codes, 33 concepts, and 14 primary categories. the results of the structural-interpretive model in the quantitative section also revealed the understanding of the need for women’s sports, effective equipment and facilities, the socialization status of women’s free time, and the income and financial status of women at the first individual level. the factors of the second level family’s social status, creating organizations for women’s free time, and increasing women’s awareness of free time were in the second level. increasing and promoting physical activities in the form of free time for women and increasing people’s socialization were placed in the third level. financial support in the private and public sectors, education and paying attention to related research findings, and improvement of individual mental state were in the fourth level, and improving living conditions were in the fifth level. keywords: leisure time, physical activity, women’s sports, gender equality, interpretative, structure 1. introductionphysical activity and sports are one of the best most effective ways to spend free time among women and girls. it can lead to their physical and mental health. also, the inclusion of sports in women’s and girls’ free time requires increasing the level of awareness of people in society, accurate and correct management and planning, and appropriate facilities and infrastructure. thus, it is essential to conduct detailed and comprehensive studies in this area to identify the challenges and limitations that women and girls face in doing physical activities and sports in their free time and to provide appropriate solutions to solve them. a comprehensive model should be provided to officials to improve the quality of free time of women and girls of the families with an approach based on physical and sports activities. given what was stated, it is crucial to know how women and girls spend their free time as it ensures their mental and physical health and is an effective means for creating their physical, intellectual, and ethical growth. it will prevent many social deviations. thus, the present study aims to identify and classify the factors affecting women’s free time with an emphasis on physical activities using an interpretive structural modeling approach. 2. literature reviewseveral studies have approved the benefits of exercise and physical activities on physical and mental health and preventing chronic diseases caused by a sedentary life (lopez gabbard and rodriguez, 2013). studies have revealed that people who express high levels of extraversion are more likely to participate in physical activity. however, people who express high levels of neuroticism tend to be less physically active (keklainen, 2022 gottold, 2018). the way of spending free time plays a major role in people’s mobility and physical activity, so the change in lifestyle due to the change in technology and modern life has reduced physical activities and people have been exposed to complications caused by it. results of the studies indicate that a reduction in physical and sports activities is greater in females than in males (valdelina et al., 2010). in this regard, fakhri et al. (1401) examined the structural model of the effect of sports-based free time on the social self-efficacy of students with the mediating role of spiritual intelligence. the results revealed that sports-based free time positively affects social self-efficacy with the mediating role of spiritual intelligence. the results revealed that by increasing free time along with sports and physical activity and improving the spiritual intelligence of students, their social self-efficacy also increases and vice versa. pourzabih sarhami et al. (2023) reported that gender discrimination should be minimized and women’s sports and recreation per capita should be increased with correct policy-making. special attention has been paid to issues such as improving women’s movement literacy in society, modeling and improving public attitudes toward women’s physical and sports activities, diversifying recreational and sports activities for women, providing tax and insurance discounts for sports activists, and other cases, which were mentioned in the study. giles and uncesio (2020) conducted a study on single women’s free time during the coronavirus outbreak. in this critical study, the researchers analyzed the impacts of these practices on their free time in two single, professional, childless women living alone. the researchers argued that in the current pandemic, women who do not have caregiving responsibilities may face more resentment or humiliation due to being engaged in regular free time activities. researchers indicated that rejection from social and caring networks can cause feelings of selfishness, shame, and fear when participating in free time. gimmez et al. (2021) investigated the sports and free time activities of muslim women and stated that sporting events can foster nationalism. an analysis of current political and public discourses on muslim women’s sports and free time showed that this group is facing many limitations. political regulations and attitudes interfere not only with the recreational activities of muslim women but also with their clothing and movements. it is recommended that theoretical perspectives such as the social justice perspective in sports and free time activities of muslim women be presented and supported so they can have equal access to sports and physical activities in their free time. 3. methodologythe present study is applied research in terms of orientation, comparative in terms of approach, descriptive in terms of purpose, and mixed (qualitative-quantitative) research in terms of research philosophy. using the grounded theory method with glazer’s approach, the factors affecting women’s free time were identified and classified with an emphasis on physical activities, and their mutual effects were investigated using interpretive structural modeling. the statistical population of this study in both sections