تحلیل عوامل موثر در وضعیت لبۀ اکولوژیک شهری با تاکید بر اکوتوریسم (مورد مطالعه: منطقۀ 15 در جنوب شرقی تهران)

با توجه به رشد روزافزون جمعیت و ازبین‌رفتن طبیعت و جایگزینی فضاهای مصنوع به‌جای آن‌ها، مشکلات فراوان زیست‌محیطی برای شهرها ایجاد شده است؛ ازاین‌رو شهرهایی که بدون توجه به محیط‌زیست و آثار به‌جای‌مانده از فعالیت‌های انسانی بر آن مدیریت می‌شوند، آسیب‌های جبران‌ناپذیری به مناظر طبیعی وارد می‌کنند. رویکرد اکولوژیک رویکردی ضروری در بازسازی بافت‌های شهری موجود و استفاده از جاذبه‌های طبیعی در زمینۀ اکوتوریسم است. با توجه به شرایط مذکور، سوال‌ اصلی پژوهش تحلیل عوامل و زمینه‌هایی است که موجب تغییرات منفی لبۀ اکولوژیک منطقۀ 15 در جنوب شرقی تهران با تاکید بر اکوتوریسم شده است. هدف اصلی پژوهش تحلیل لبۀ اکولوژیک منطقۀ 15 در جنوب شرقی تهران با تاکید بر اکوتوریسم است. پژوهش از نظر هدف کاربردی، از نظر ماهیت تحلیلی و از نظر روش کیفی- کمّی است. روش جمع‌آوری داده‌ها کتابخانه‌ای است. جامعۀ آماری تحقیق را 80 نفر از کارشناسان شهرداری منطقۀ 15، دفاتر توسعۀ محله‌ای و اساتید شهرسازی تشکیل می‌دهند و تکنیکی که در این راستا استفاده‌ شده، تکنیک دلفی است. روش نمونه‌گیری استفاده‌شده در پژوهش حاضر، احتمالی و از نوع طبقه‌ای بوده است. ا‌بزار گردآوری داده‌ها پرسش‌نامه از نوع بسته است. برای تحلیل داده‌ها از مدل تاپسیس استفاده ‌شده است. نتایج یافته‌ها نشان می‌دهد که عوامل محیطی، کالبدی، اقتصادی، اجتماعی، مدیریتی، گردشگری و عملکردی در جاذبه‌های طبیعی در لبۀ جنوب شرقی تهران (منطقۀ 15) تاثیرگذار است. علاوه‌براین، تحلیل داده‌ها نشان می‌دهد که معیار حفظ فضای سبز و پوشش گیاهی، با کسب امتیاز 504/0 توانسته است در صدر معیارهای بررسی‌شده قرار بگیرد.

analysis of the state of the urban ecological edge with an emphasis on ecotourism (study case: district 15 in the southeast of tehran)

the ever-increasing population growth and the destruction of nature and the replacement of artificial spaces in their place have created many environmental problems for cities. therefore, cities that are managed without regard to the environment and the effects of human activities on it, cause irreparable damage to the natural landscape. the ecological approach is a necessary approach in the reconstruction of existing urban contexts, the use of natural attractions in the field of ecotourism. the main question of the research is the analysis of the factors and areas that have caused negative changes in the ecological margin of the 15th district in the southeast of tehran by emphasizing ecotourism. the research is applied in terms of purpose, in terms of analytical nature and in terms of qualitative-quantitative method and library information collection method. the statistical population of the research includes 80 experts from the municipality of region 15, neighborhood development offices and urban planning professors, and the technique used is the delphi method. the sampling method is probability type and classification type and the data collection tool is a closed questionnaire. data analysis is from topsis model. the results of the findings show that environmental, physical, economic, social, management, tourism, and functional factors have an effect on the natural attractions of the southeast edge of tehran (region 15). also, the analysis of the data shows that the green space and vegetation preservation criterion with a score of 0.504 has been able to be at the top of the examined criteria. keywords: ecological edge ecotourism, theoretical framework, southeast of tehran, region 15 1. introductionrapid urbanization in iran has caused problems such as land use changes, reduction of green space, social anomalies, spread of pollution and spread of instability. the impact of the mentioned problems is different in urban areas and causes environmental, physical, social, and economic differences. on the other hand, changes in land use for economic gain cause the destruction of green space and have a direct effect on the ecological edge of urban areas. ecological edges are linear elements that play a role in the formation of the urban landscape and defining the boundaries of cities. the new patterns of the city of tehran and life in it have long distanced citizens from the experience of being in nature and connecting with it. however, most urban areas have natural boundaries with valuable ecological elements and a platform to satisfy the naturalistic needs of citizens. (ebrahimi dehkordi, 1399/ 2). based on the physical development and expansion of the city of tehran and its surroundings, the level of green space and vegetation and urban edges is reduced and such growth continues until now. district 15 in the southeast of tehran is one of the important areas of urban planning, based on meeting the needs of leisure and tourism and having natural attractions. in the south and east of tehran, we are facing a density greater than the city’s capacity and an unbalanced and non-standard distribution of recreational and tourism facilities. if most of the focus of tourism facilities and preservation of natural attractions is in the northern part of tehran city. at present and during the past years, sufficient and effective measures have not been taken to maintain, support, sustain and develop ecology in this area of tehran metropolis in terms of preserving ecological opportunities. therefore, the research is looking for the reason for the negative changes in the ecological edge of the 15th region in the southeast of tehran, with an emphasis on ecotourism. 2. literature reviewurban edges are linear elements that are not used as roads or their nature is not useful in this discussion and is kept hidden in the halo of other functions. a quantitative physical edge is an element of the urban landscape that evokes a visually recognizable extension in the mental image of citizens. (askarzadeh and shokohi, 1399: 33). natural attractions on the edge of cities can be used for another benefit in the tourism industry. ecotourism is a relatively new phenomenon in the tourism industry, which forms only a part of the whole industry. this form of tourism enables human leisure activities mainly in nature and is based on purposeful travel combined with cultural, spiritual impressions, visiting and studying natural attractions and enjoying and enjoying its diverse phenomena. (ashley et al, 2022: 62). theorists such as richard register, mark roseland, david enguichet, ken worthy, john kanz, rodney erwight, bantgar and darko radukovich have mentioned the issue of ecological city in different fields. meanwhile, more emphasis has been placed on darkovich’s theory. he considers ecological urbanism and ecological city to be the design and planning of cities on different scales in such a way that they are environmentally and culturally responsible and responsive to the conditions of their environment, and he believes that there are three main characteristics, namely ecological sustainability, which means the ability of the community and ecosystem to provide activities in the future stages without any pressure on