پدیدارشناسی انگیزۀ چادرخوابی گردشگران به‌منظور توسعۀ گردشگری استان گیلان

چادرخوابی پدیده‌ای است که در صنعت گردشگری ایران با رشد قابل توجهی همراه بوده است و در توسعۀ گردشگری نقش بسزایی ایفا می‌کند. نظر به اهمیت موضوع، در این مطالعه به پدیدارشناسی انگیزۀ چادرخوابی گردشگران به‌منظور توسعۀ گردشگری استان گیلان پرداخته شد. مطالعۀ حاضر از نظر هدف مطالعه‌ای کاربردی ‌توسعه‌ای است و از منظر روش گردآوری داده‌ها، پژوهشی کیفی مبتنی‌بر رویکرد تفسیرگرایانه است. برای گردآوری داده‌ها از مصاحبۀ ژرف با افراد دارای تجربۀ زیسته یعنی گردشگران چادرخواب استفاده شد. برای اعتبارسنجی تحلیل کیفی از روش هولستی استفاده شد و ضریب توافق مشاهده‌شده 631/0 برآورد شد. نمونه‌گیری با روش هدفمند انجام شد که درنهایت با سیزده مصاحبه اشباع نظری حاصل شد. برای تجزیه‌وتحلیل داده‌های پژوهش از تحلیل کیفی پدیدارشناسی و نرم‌افزار maxqda استفاده شد. یافته‌های پژوهشی نشان داد انگیزه‌های اقتصادی، طبیعت‌دوستی، احساس ماجراجویی، عوامل فردی، ویژگی‌های شخصیتی گردشگران مهم‌ترین انگیزه‌های گردشگران چادرخواب است. همچنین این پدیده با چالش‌هایی نیز همراه است که ازجملۀ آن‌ها می‌توان به نبود اقامتگاه‌های مطمئن و امن، دسترسی محدود به اقامتگاه‌های بزرگ، نبود سیاست‌گذاری منسجم برای قیمت‌گذاری اقامتگاه‌ها، فقدان نظارت بر اقامتگاه‌های موجود، فقدان برنامه و عزم کافی برای اقامت گردشگران، فقدان اطلاع‌رسانی به گردشگران برای دسترسی به اقامتگاه و فرهنگ گردشگری پایین در کشور اشاره کرد.

phenomenology of the motivation of tourists to sleep in tents for the development of tourism in gilan province

tent camping is a phenomenon that has been associated with significant growth in iran’s tourism industry and plays a significant role in the development of tourism. considering the importance of the topic, in this study, the phenomenological identification of tourists’ motivation to sleep in tents for the development of tourism in gilan province was done. the current study is an applied-developmental study in terms of its purpose, and in terms of the data collection method, it is a qualitative research based on an interpretive approach. in order to collect data, in-depth interviews were used with people with lived experience, that is, tent-sleeping tourists. the holstein method was used to validate the qualitative analysis and the observed agreement coefficient was estimated at 0.631. sampling was done with a purposeful method, which finally reached theoretical saturation with thirteen interviews. qualitative analysis of phenomenology and maxqda software were used to analyze the research data. the research findings showed that economic motivations, love of nature, sense of adventure, individual factors, personality characteristics of tourists are the most important motivations of camping tourists. also, this phenomenon is associated with challenges, including the lack of reliable and safe accommodations, limited access to large accommodations, lack of coherent policies for pricing accommodations, lack of monitoring of existing accommodations, lack of sufficient planning and determination for tourists, lack of information to residents. tourists to access accommodation and low tourism culture in the country. keywords: phenomenology, tourism development, camping 1. introductionpeople travel for various reasons, therefore, in order to plan in the field of tourism, the motivations of tourists should be known. therefore, it is very important to explain the factors and characteristics that contribute to the motivation of tourists and the phenomenon of tourism. it is social and environmentalmotivation is considered as one of the important variables to explain travel behavior. understanding the motivational factors that lead to travel decisions and consumption behavior is vital for tourists, host communities, and tourism planners.the development of tourism in a region is determined according to the conditions, situations and trends of the world of tourism and the potential for the formation of types of tourism that attract visitors. tourism managers must understand the motivations of visitors. according to crompton (1979) and fodens (1994), the main reason for tourists visiting attractionstourism is motivation. a better understanding of tourist motivations can help to develop strategies and increase tourist visitsin examining the motivation of tourists to travel, in addition to natural and historical tourist attractions, the infrastructure and facilities provided by the human factor are also very important (stojanovic et al., 2024). there are many tourist areas with natural capacities, which are less noticed by tourists due to issues such as access, amenities and recreational facilities, and communication networks.several factors are involved in tourist accommodations in gilan province, some of which can be mentioned in terms of size, age, environmental structure, ownership, number of units, distance from disturbing uses, accessibility, beauty, and health and welfare facilities. gilan, as one of the main tourism hubs of the country, should emphasize these factors and provide the ground for a safe and better stay for tourists.therefore, in the present study, the phenomenological reasons for the tendency of travelers and tourists to sleep in tents in the province are discussed. the present study answers this key question, what is the motivation of tourists in gilan province to sleep in tents with a phenomenological approach? 2. literature reviewcamping in a tent is a phenomenon that has a negative connotation in domestic tourism literature and reminds most people of poor people who are forced to spend the night in tents and temporary shelters in difficult circumstances, but this concept is known as &camping& in the world. it is not such an abstract phenomenon. camping tourism is known as a developing sector of the tourism industry. camping tourism can be broadly defined as a form of nature-based special interest tourism. it is basically determined by the flexible, temporary and mobile nature of its accommodation facilities such as tents, recreational vehicles, mobile homes etc. in other words, camping is defined as a type of tourism based on a special interest in nature. camping was an important research topic in leisure studies in the 1960s and 1970s. with the emergence of new trends, the demand for camping has changed significantly since then, from the typical campsites with tents and fires to modern campsites that provide a variety of advanced facilities for the comfort of campers. today, tourists want a unique experience that goes beyond experiencing nature and social interaction.camping tourism has been recognized as a recreational activity in natural environments for many years and has become a well-established outdoor hospitality industry over the past century. camping is defined not only by &the activity of living in a tent for a short period of time, either at a campsite or in the open,& but also by some form of comfortable accommodation such as mobile transport, caravans and other forms of temporary shelter. camping and caravan tourism are usually developed around areas with spectacular natural and cultural resources. the development of outdoor hospitality creates new sectors of tourism and observes the changes and evolution of new meanings of camping. in tourism research, the role of experience in this field is very important. tenting and living in a temporary camp is defined by prior perceptions and an acquired connection to experience. this means that together with the physical settings of the place and the activities performed, it has the characteristics of creating a sense of place, which can be described as an experience that goes beyond the physical or sensory characteristics of a place. studying the experiences and meanings associated with camping revealed that the most prominent elements of the camping experience are nature, social interaction and increased comfort, camping associated with the latest technological advancement. their study identified the meanings of camping as a psychological restoration, a special place for family traditions and memories, a positive influence on family functioning, experiencing nature, expressing one’s identity, social interaction with other campers, and an opportunity for children to learn and develop new skills. 3. methodologythis research was conducted with the aim of identifying the motivations of tourists to sleep in tents for the development of tourism in gilan province. since the findings of this research are useful for the managers of the tourism industry, it is an applied-developmental research in terms of its purpose, and it is a qualitative research in terms of the data collection method. from the philosophical point of view, this research is based on the paradigm of interpretivism, therefore, the strategy of qualitative research and specifically the method of