تاثیر بازی‌های بومی و محلی در کیفیت اوقات فراغت و نیک‌زیستی فردی دانش‌آموزان (مطالعۀ موردی: دانش‌آموزان دختر مقطع ابتدایی شهرستان سلماس)

این پژوهش با هدف بررسی تاثیر بازی‌های بومی و محلی در کیفیت اوقات فراغت و نیک‌زیستی فردی دانش‌آموزان دختر مقطع ابتدایی انجام شد. روش تحقیق کمّی و از نوع نیمه‌آزمایشی با طرح پیش‌آزمون و پس‌آزمون با گروه کنترل و آزمایش است. جامعۀ‌ آماری را دانش‌آموزان پایه‌های پنجم و ششم مدرسۀ دخترانۀ ابتدایی ستایش شهرستان سلماس (استان آذربایجان غربی) در سال تحصیلی 1400-1401 تشکیل می‌دهند و نمونۀ آماری به روش نمونه‌گیری در دسترس از پایه‌های پنجم و ششم این مدرسه در دو گروه کنترل و دو گروه آزمایش انتخاب شد که هر گروه شامل پانزده نفر بود. ابزار گردآوری داده‌ها پرسش‌نامه‌های محقق‌ساختۀ کیفیت ‌اوقات فراغت و پرسش‌نامۀ استاندارد نیک‌زیستی جان‌ تراویس بود. روایی پرسش‌نامۀ محقق‌ساختۀ کیفیت اوقات فراغت را پنج نفر از اساتید مدیریت ورزشی تایید کردند و پایایی آن 0.94 و پایایی پرسش‌نامۀ استاندارد نیک‌زیستی 0.83 به‌دست آمد. در روش اجرای تحقیق، گروه‌ها به‌مدت هشت‌ هفته و در هر هفته یک جلسه به‌مدت 45 دقیقه، علاوه‌بر کلاس درسی تربیت‌بدنی، یک بازی بومی و محلی انجام دادند. برای توصیف وضعیت موجود از یافته‌های توصیفی (میانگین و انحراف معیار) و به‌منظور تحلیل فرضیه‌های پژوهش از تحلیل کوواریانس چندمتغیره با رعایت پیش‌فرض‌های آماری با استفاده از نرم‌افزار اس‌پی‌اس‌اس وی 26 انجام شد. نتایج تحقیق نشان دادند که بازی‌های بومی و محلی در گروه آزمایش توانسته است مولفه‌های کیفیت اوقات فراغت و نیک‌زیستی فردی دانش‌آموزان دختر پایه‌های پنجم و ششم ابتدایی را افزایش دهد (001/0>p)؛ بنابراین بازی‌های بومی و محلی در کیفیت اوقات فراغت و نیک‌زیستی فردی دانش‌آموزان دختر ابتدایی تاثیر مثبت و معنی‌دار دارد.

the effect of indigenous-local games on the quality of leisure time and individual well-being of students (case study: female students of elementary school in selmas city)

the research investigated the impact of native and local games on the leisure time quality and well-being of female elementary students. employing a quantitative, semi-experimental approach, the study utilized a pre-test/post-test design with control and experimental groups. the statistical population included fifth and sixth-grade students from setayesh girls’ primary school in selmas city) west azerbaijan province(, with two control and two experimental groups (15 students each). data collection involved a researcher-designed questionnaire on leisure time quality and the john travis standard questionnaire. the validity of the leisure time quality questionnaire was confirmed by sports management professors, exhibiting a reliability of 0.94. standard questionnaire reliability stood at 0.83. over eight weeks, groups participated in native and local games for 45 minutes per week alongside regular physical education classes. descriptive statistics outlined the current situation, while multivariate covariance analysis, using spssv26, tested hypotheses. results demonstrated a significant improvement in leisure time quality and well-being components for the experimental group (p<0.001). the study concludes that selected native and local games positively impact elementary school girls’ leisure time and well-being. recommendations include implementing these games to enhance students’ overall health and well-being.1. introductioneducation in schools is crucial for students’ intellectual and cognitive development, neglecting social development can lead to a lack of social skills. childhood is a critical period for lifelong development. studies have shown that traditional games can be used to develop social-emotional skills in children aged 5-6, providing educational and constructive effects (latorre román et al., 2017). native and local games play a significant role in the development of life skills. they offer opportunities for growth, such as increasing speed, physical endurance, reaction speed, agility, intelligence, resistance, masculinity, chivalry, self-confidence, cooperation, courage, accuracy, mental strength, power, coordination, harmony, and free time (andam et al., 2015). the therapeutic and educational functions of native and local games have been overlooked in the field of children and families, despite their multi-dimensional special needs playing a significant role in the occurrence of nervous system and brain problems. therefore, educational and therapeutic programs should be expanded (manzari, 2021).as science and technology continue to advance, leisure time and unemployment may increase, offering various entertainment options that attract society. however, it is essential to find ways to spend leisure time that promote social development and contribute to overall well-being (kleinkorres et al., 2023). considering the importance of sports, native and local games from various aspects such as physical development, entertainment, leisure, and quality of life, and that native and local games in the country are becoming isolated and forgotten; in this study, researchers sought to answer the question of whether native and local games have an effect on the quality of free time and personal well-being of fifth and sixth-grade female students at salmas city praise school?2. literature reviewin the study conducted by ilchizadeh et al. (1400), titled &the effect of native and local games on aspects of social development and mental health of 14-12-year-old female students,& the findings indicated that implementing regular and targeted programs in educational centers can enhance students’ development .the research demonstrated a positive impact on students’ happiness, tenacity, self-esteem, and overall health. hosseini sabet’s research (2018) also supports the connection between play, learning, and social development in primary school students. moreover, mansouri et al.’s study (1400) revealed that engaging in online sports activities during the covid-19 quarantine period had a positive effect, reducing aggression and improving the quality of life for students. buecker et al.’s (2021) research demonstrated a positive and direct correlation between physical activity and mental well-being. similarly, so and kwon’s (2022) study indicated that engaging in physical activity can play a crucial role in maintaining and enhancing health. this includes strengthening the immune system, promoting overall well-being, and fostering a healthy lifestyle, particularly during the coronavirus epidemic. peleias et al. (2017) concluded in their research that physical activity during leisure time can influence the quality of life among medical students. rodríguez aylon and colleagues (2019) emphasized the significance of physical activity in promoting mental health. the studies highlighted that encouraging physical activity and reducing sedentary behavior can serve as protective factors for mental health in children and adolescents. additionally, astini et al.’s research (2021) demonstrated that the development of traditional games can serve as an effective tool to enhance the social-emotional abilities of 5-6 year old children. the interventions in this study led to an increase in the socio-emotional dimensions of each child.3. methodologythe current research method is a description of the type of survey studies that were conducted in the field. the present research is quantitative and semi-experimental, with a pre-test and post-test design with a control group.the study’s statistical population consists of fifth and sixth-grade students from satish girls’ elementary school in selmas city, west azerbaijan province, during the academic year 1400-1401. employing the available sampling method, 60 individuals were selected from the fifth and sixth grades, forming two control groups and two experimental groups (15 individuals in each group). the research sample was chosen ensuring that selected participants were not engaged in professional sports activities, possessed the necessary ability to participate, faced no obstacles to playing selected games, and were absent from no more than one session. exclusions were made for physical and mental illnesses and unwillingness to participate during sessions. following the random selection of experimental and control groups, pre-test questionnaires on leisure time and well-being were administered to all groups. the experimental groups engaged in native and local games in addition to regular physical education classes every week for eight weeks, each session lasting 45 minutes. post-test questionnaires were then administered to all groups after the eight-week period. two questionnaires were employed to collect data for answering research questions and hypotheses. a researcher-made questionnaire, based on tamizhifar and azizi mehr’s (2014) sports leisure time questionnaire and touhidi’s (2016) questionnaire, measured the quality of leisure time. the questionnaire’s validity was confirmed by five sports management professors, and its reliability, assessed through cronbach’s alpha coefficient test, yielded a favorable score of 0.94. for the students’ individual well-being questionnaire, a shortened version of john travis’s well-being questionnaire was utilized. its reliability was reported as 0.83, measuring the individual well-being of female students in the fifth and sixth grades of selmas praise elementary school. data analysis involved descriptive statistics to present mean and standard deviation and inferential statistics, specifically the multivariate covariance analysis test, conducted using spssv software. 4. resultsthe cronbach’s alpha coefficient for both the individual well-being and quality of leisure time variables exceeded 0.70 in both the pre-test and post-test stages for both the experimental and control groups.levin’s test significance level (p < 0.05) indicated that the variance of scores is equal, confirming the assumption of homogeneity of variances. the m-box test, with a significance level below 0.001 (p < 0.001), was approved for examining covariance matrices in the two groups. given the maintenance of assumptions related to normality, homogeneity of error variances between covariance variables and the independent variable, as well as equality of variance-covariance matrices, multivariate covariance analysis was employed to compare the mean scores of leisure time quality components in the post-test.the results of multivariate covariance analysis demonstrated the effectiveness of native and local games on leisure quality components. specifically, native and local games in the experimental group significantly increased the components of the quality of free time among female students in the fifth and sixth grades (p < 0.001). furthermore, the results of multivariate covariance analysis indicated the impact of native and local games on individual well-being components. in other words, native and local games in the experimental group significantly enhanced the individual well-being components of fifth and sixth-grade female students (p < 0.05).5. conclusionin light of existing research in this field and the results obtained from the current study, it can be stated that native and local games can have a significant impact on the quality of leisure time and personal well-being of fifth and sixth-grade female students. at this age, students find it easier to understand their surroundings and are on the threshold of adolescence. during this period, a transition from concrete thinking to abstract thinking occurs, and students still require direct and practical experiences. regarding environmental, economic, social, cultural, and organizational and managerial factors that students have not directly understood, they engage in argumentation by comparing the similarities of new subjects with their previous experiences. therefore, providing more opportunities to increase awareness in these areas is advisable. generally, individuals who engage in sports and physical activities during leisure time not only enjoy immunity from many diseases and social deviations but also have a more cheerful spirit, derive greater pleasure from life, and enjoy better social relationships. today, many psychologists recommend sports and physical activity to alleviate anxiety, boredom, and nervous pressure. consequently, individuals report a sense of well-being after engaging in physical activities, leading to increased life satisfaction and higher well-being.