ارزیابی کاربست گردشگری جامعه‌محور در توانمندسازی زنان روستایی

گردشگری به‌منزلۀ بخشی خدماتی و شاخه‌ا‌ی از توسعۀ پایدار، پتانسیل توانمندسازی جوامع را دارد. توانمندسازی مختص گروه‌های آسیب‌پذیر جامعه است که دچار طرد اجتماعی هستند. نظریه‌پردازان توسعۀ توانمندسازی را راهبردی موثر در کاهش نابرابری‌های جنسیتی در ظرفیت‌ها، دسترسی به منابع و فرصت‌ها و راه رسیدن به توسعۀ پایدار می‌دانند. توسعۀ گردشگری با افزایش قدرت زنان و کنترل آن‌ها بر منابع، نقش مهمی در توانمندسازی زنان دارد. هدف این پژوهش ارزیابی نقش گردشگری اجتماع‌محور در توانمندسازی اقتصادی، اجتماعی و فرهنگی زنان روستاهای استان اصفهان است. در این راستا نیز در پژوهش کاربردی حاضر، که با روش توصیفی تحلیلی انجام شده است، وضعیت توانمندسازی زنان روستایی با جمع‌آوری داده‌ها آزمون شده است. جامعۀ آماری را زنان روستایی استان اصفهان n) =317163( تشکیل می‌دهند. تعداد نمونه براساس فرمول کوکران، 384 نفر انتخاب شدند و سپس تجزیه‌وتحلیل آن‌ها با آزمون‌های استنباطی (خی‌دو، تی‌تک‌نمونه‌ای، تحلیل مسیر) انجام شد. نتایج نشان دادند که با توجه به میانگین به‌دست‌آمده برابر 3.42، وضعیت توانمندسازی در سطح مطلوبی قرار دارد. در این میان، بعد اقتصادی با میانگین 3.38، بعد اجتماعی با میانگین 3.45، عوامل فرهنگی با میانگین 3.43 محاسبه شدند. دیدگاه نظری تحقیق و نتایج تحلیل‌های آماری به‌کاررفته در این پژوهش، نشان دادند که توسعۀ گردشگری در توانمندسازی اقتصادی، اجتماعی و فرهنگی زنان روستاهای استان اصفهان موثر است.

evaluation of the application of community-oriented tourism on the empowerment of rural women

tourism as a service sector and a branch of sustainable development, has the potential to empower communities. empowerment is specific to vulnerable groups in society who are socially excluded. development theorists consider empowerment as an effective strategy in reducing gender inequalities in capacities, access to resources and opportunities, and the way to sustainable development. tourism development can play an important role in empowering women by increasing the power of women and their control over resources. the purpose of this research is to evaluate the role of community-oriented tourism in the economic, social and cultural empowerment of women in the villages of isfahan province. in this regard, in the present applied research, which was carried out with a descriptive-analytical method, the empowerment status of rural women was measured by collecting data. the statistical population of rural women of isfahan province is n = 317163. the number of samples was selected based on cochran’s formula of 384 people and then their analysis was done with inferential tests (chi-square, one-sample t-test, path analysis). was done. the obtained results showed that according to the obtained average of 3/42, it can be said that the state of empowerment is at a satisfactory level. meanwhile, the average of the economic dimension with an average of 38 the social dimension was calculated with an average of 3/45, cultural factors were calculated as 3/43. the theoretical perspective of the research and the results of the statistical analysis used in this research showed that the development of tourism in the economic, social and then cultural empowerment of women in the villages of isfahan province.1. introductionthe villages of isfahan province witness the growth and development of tourism day by day due to the existence of various natural and human attractions and potentials for spending leisure time. this activity has grown so much in these villages that it has become intertwined with the lives of local residents and has shown itself as an important phenomenon. based on this, this research has been compiled in order to answer this important question: what role did rural community-oriented tourism play in increasing the social, economic and cultural empowerment of women in isfahan province?2. literature reviewthe report on the global gender gap 2021 published by the world economic forum on march 31 shows that iran ranks 150 among 156 countries with an index of 0.582. this rank is down two places compared to 2020 and 8 places compared to 2019. the 2021 world report has placed iran among &countries with the largest economic gender gap&. the global gender gap report 2021 shows that &low levels of women’s participation in the workforce is an important factor for economic non-participation (world economic forum, 2021) therefore, the issue of empowerment in the framework of sustainable development and sustainable tourism is proposed as an approach that can provide the means of empowering half of the population, especially women in iran. based on this and the above conceptual model, the role of community-oriented tourism on the economic, social and cultural empowerment of women in the regions of isfahan province is evaluated.3. methodologythe present research is practical in terms of its purpose, and in terms of method, it has been carried out using a descriptive-analytical method. in this research, to explain and justify the reasons, there was a need for a strong argumentative support, this support was provided by searching in theoretical topics. due to the fact that questions were raised at first and then the researcher tried to answer them by sampling, the qualitative method was used. the method of collecting information in the present research has been considered in both library and field forms (through questionnaire, interview and observation), in order to determine the formal and content validity of the questionnaire, after preparing it, an initial control on the questions of the questionnaire. , it was done by professors and related experts and meaningless and irrelevant questions were removed. in the following, by conducting a pre-test and distributing 30 questionnaires among the respondents and then checking them again, the questions that were directional, unclear, unanswered or associated with few respondents were removed and corrected. also, in order to determine the reliability of the questionnaires, the value of cronbach’s alpha coefficient was taken into consideration, and its calculation showed an acceptable value of 0.79, thus stating that the questionnaires have the necessary reliability and the answers of the respondents have convergence. and internal correlation.4. resultsaccording to the results obtained in the social dimension, it can be stated that tourism has significant economic effects in empowering women in the studied areas and the villages of isfahan province have good economic and tourism capacities, which in case of attention and planning it is effective and efficient in empowering the local beneficiaries and it will be effective in reducing poverty and developing the village. the evaluation of the indicators indicates that the index of participation in improving social cohesion with an average of 3.78 has had the most impact on the social dimension. by examining other related indicators such as interest in education, increasing group participation, we conclude that with the growth of tourism, the desire to stay in the village and preserve the culture and traditions of the village has increased, and nowadays the revival of cultural and native traditions as an attraction to attract tourists is the attention of the villagers. indicators that community-oriented tourism pays attention to and is emphasized.5. conclusionas the findings of the research show, in the economic aspect, community-oriented tourism has brought positive effects in the economic empowerment of rural women. the greatest economic impact of tourism has been related to the index of increasing job opportunities for women. other effects of tourism in the village include increasing income, improving the quality of life, increasing the demand for new goods, quality of income and wealth, increasing the purchase of property by women, creating suitable local markets, increasing economic exchanges, selling handicrafts, building houses. he mentioned ecotourism. with the boom in tourism, service activities in the village have increased, especially young people have shown more interest in these jobs, and the desire of women to work in the agricultural sector has decreased. with the arrival of tourists and the desire of women to work in the tourism sector, the demand for local foods, dairy products has increased due to the demand of tourists, many people have been employed in this sector. according to the obtained results, it can be stated that tourism has had significant economic effects in empowering women in the studied areas. also, the statistical analysis used in this research showed that the development and prosperity of tourism plays a significant role in the social empowerment of the residents of the villages of the study area. so that the results of the t-tech test show an example that the index of increasing the sense of belonging to a place has been in the social dimension. by examining other related indicators such as interest in education, increasing group participation, we conclude that with the growth of tourism. the desire to stay in the village and preserve rural culture and traditions has increased, and nowadays the revival of cultural and native traditions is an attraction for attracting tourists.