direct integration of rooftop photovoltaic generatin in electric railway systems: optimizing power flow and efficiency

This study proposes a solution to global concerns surrounding the energy crisis and environmental impact by directly integrating photovoltaic (pv) generation with electric railway systems (ers). focusing on sustainable alternatives, the approach involves implementing railway energy management systems (rems) to address challenges related to energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions from ers. utilizing mixed integer linear programming, the research optimizes the electrical system operation cost of milan s bovisa railway station, considering factors like the electrical grid, energy storage systems, regenerative braking energy (rbe), and the direct integration of a rooftop pv plant, designed using pvsol software. by accounting for probabilistic and stochastic behaviors, along with real-time data using matlab, the proposed rems model achieves significant cost reductions in the daily operations of the smart railway station, showcasing practical evidence for real-world applications.