developing a pestle based model for the factors that drive implementation of synergistic energy solutions in the middle east

After the industrial revolution, the adverse effects of industrialization on climate and the environment have garnered global attention and raised concerns among researchers, governments, and various stakeholders. the transition to renewable energies (res) has been identified as the primary strategy to address this global issue (de best-waldhober et al., 2012). however, governments and their policymakers, do not have frameworks that can assist them in deciding what synergies, between different energy generation sources, exist and whether they are viable and sustainable over the longer term. this lack of credible decision-making frameworks may be hindering progress in this area. this study aims to develop a pestle based framework (zalengera, blanchard et al. 2014), encompassing political, economic, social, technical, legal, and environmental aspects, for understanding the driving forces behind the transition to res. pestle aspects are further divided into 38 sub-factors. pestle analysis can provide policymakers with valuable insights into the necessary policies and procedures that can effectively facilitate this transition.for literature review, the most pertinent peer-reviewed journal articles in english were systematically selected using prizma method. additionally, selected energy transition policies published by the international energy agency (iea) were also analyzed. the criteria for the selection of the literature and energy policies are further explained in the article in more details.overall, the technological aspect has been consistently found to be effective in energy transition in both literature and policies. the technological development sub-factor is particularly prominent in both sources. additionally, the most effective sub-factors for the political, legal, and environmental aspects are similar between the literature review and the selected (international energy agency) iea policies. however, there are differences in the most effective sub-factors for the economic and social aspects, with iea policies focusing more on improving these aspects through policies and legislations, while the literature takes a more comprehensive approach to reviewing the social and economic aspects. it is important to acknowledge that the purpose of the study can influence the emphasis on different aspects and sub-factors in energy transition research and policy development.