interconnected sustainability and resilience: optimizing energy supply for petrochemical plants

The interconnection between sustainability and resiliency in energy supply is fundamental to the development of robust and dependable energy systems. this study prioritizes various hybrid renewable energy systems for a petrochemical plant in iran, employing sustainability and resilience indicators. an optimization process is executed on various configurations of hybrid renewable energy systems. as such, four distinct configurations of grid-connected renewable energy systems, which comprise photovoltaic panels (pv), photovoltaic panels paired with wind turbines (pv+wt) or wave energy converters (pv+wec), or with both wind turbines and wave energy converters (pv+wt+wec) are optimized for technical, economic, environmental, and reliability factors. subsequently, multi-criteria decision-making is implemented to distinguish the sustainability and resiliency indicators. by employing multi-criteria decision-making, the pv+wt+wec configuration emerges as the most resilient, while the pv+wt configuration is deemed the most sustainable. furthermore, considering the distinct inclinations towards resilience and sustainability, the optimal configuration is discerned and the technical, economic, reliability, and environmental analyses are applied.