silicate sodium glass crystallization behavior with nano tio2incorporation

In this study, the impact of nano tio2 on the crystallization behavior of sio2-na2o glass, which serves as a vital commercial material, is investigated. the crystalline phase evolution is examined in relation to the loading of nano titanium dioxide. the results obtained from x-ray diffraction and electron microscopy techniques provide substantial evidence in support of the observed phenomena. the addition of nano titanium dioxide to the glass composition resulted in an increase in the crystalline phase. the x-ray diffraction analysis confirms this notable increase, substantiating the formation of crystalline structures within the glass matrix. complementary electron microscopy imaging further elucidates the presence and growth of these crystalline domains.