bio-synthesis of palladium nanoparticles (pdnps) by extracted from saffron stamen

In this study, saffron stamen extract is used as plant waste for the synthesis of palladium nanoparticles. extraction of saffron stamen was performed by ultrasonic method and then the extract was combined with palladium acetate solution in different ratios and characterized by uv-visible and ftir spectroscopies. the results showed that the saffron stamen extract has an acceptable potential to reduce palladium ion, which can be seen by changing the color of the solution from yellow color to dark brown. this research demonstrates the use of natural resources as a sustainable alternative to conventional chemical processes that can reduce environmental impacts.