mxene-based platforms for colorectal carcinoma cancer treatment

Colorectal cancer (crc) is a major global health concern, representing 10% of cancer diagnoses and about 9% of cancer-related deaths worldwide. it is the third most common cancer globally and ranks fourth in cancer-related mortality. mxenes (m is transition metal and x represents carbon or nitrogen), a versatile group of two-dimensional (2d) nanomaterials including transition metal carbides/carbonitrides/nitrides, are notable for their distinctive physicochemical characteristics, including varied surface chemistry, extensive surface area, and biocompatibility. they have found utility in various biomedical fields like drug delivery, biosensing, and cancer therapy. however, mxenes encounter challenges in biomedical fields because of poor physiological stability and decomposition. these challenges can be surmounted by creating multifunctional mxene composites with other materials. despite extensive research on mxenes in cancer therapy, their application in crc treatment remains underexplored, necessitating further investigation. therefore, developing mxene-based platforms for various innovative approaches is a promising area of research. these approaches aim to leverage mxenes' distinctive properties for enhancing treatment strategies, including drug delivery, hyperthermia, and photothermal therapy. in this review, mxene preparation methods, crc treatment methods, information about this type of cancer therapy using mxene-based systems, and future perspectives and opportunities are discussed.