metal-organic framework-based membranes for water decontamination

Freshwater comprises only 0.5% of earth's water and is increasingly threatened by population growth and industrial activities, making water scarcity a critical issue. membrane separation technology is gaining attention as an effective method for water purification, utilizing specially designed membranes that allow water to pass while blocking pollutants, thereby saving energy and reducing chemical use. recent advancements in composite membranes, which integrate inorganic porous materials with polymers, have improved their permeability and selectivity for diverse water treatment applications. metal-organic frameworks (mofs) are notable for their tunable pore structures and high surface areas, enhancing wastewater treatment effectiveness. this review discusses water-stable mof-based membranes' design, synthesis, and properties, emphasizing their potential for removing heavy metals, dyes, oil, and organic contaminants. however, challenges remain, particularly regarding the compatibility of mofs with polymer matrices, underscoring the need for further research to optimize their stability and performance in addressing global water scarcity.