ultrasonic assisted extraction of grape seeds: structural characterization and biological implications

Recently, grapes by-products have great attention due to their unique antioxidant activity and biological promoting effects. grape seeds powder was greenly extracted by ultrasonic probe at a sonication power of 6 kj within 10 minutes. physico-chemical characterizations were performed for grape seed powder through fesem, xrd, and xps. biological implications including bactericidal and anticancer activities were conducted for the extract. moreover, the antioxidant activity of the obtained extract was examined. the bactericidal activity was investigated against both gram-positive and gramnegative bacteria. the obtained results confirmed the efficacy of the facile green applied route in extracting grapes seed without affecting its desired structural and biological activities. therefore, the extract recorded an excellent free radical scavenging activity of 92% to compete with the ascorbic acid. moreover, it proves promising bactericidal activity against tested bacterial strains with clear zones up to 25 mm. the grapes seed extract possesses an inhibition percentage of up to 78.2 against pancreatic cancer cells.