rna delivery nanoparticles for infectious diseases

Rna-based therapeutics, encompassing microrna (mirna), messenger rna (mrna), and small interfering rna (sirna), offer transformative potential across diverse medical domains. mirna, by modulating gene expression through mrna targeting, holds promise for treating diseases like cancer and viral infections. mrna, the carrier of genetic information for protein synthesis, has revolutionized vaccination strategies and shows promise for protein replacement therapies and regenerative medicine. sirna, through rna interference, provides a mechanism to silence specific genes, offering therapeutic avenues for genetic disorders, cancer, and viral infections. despite their immense potential, challenges such as rna instability, size, and charge hinder their clinical translation. to overcome these limitations, researchers have extensively explored the development of nanocarriers, particularly polymeric nanoparticles, for efficient rna delivery. these platforms offer enhanced stability, targeted delivery, and controlled release, significantly improving the therapeutic efficacy and safety of rna-based therapies. this perspective provides a comprehensive overview of polymeric nanocarriers for rna delivery, highlighting their unique advantages, current limitations, and future research directions towards advancing the clinical translation of this promising class of therapeutics.