rethinking digital transformation in education: the role of emerging technologies and artificial intelligence in enhancing teaching and learning processes

Objective: the objective of this study was to critically examine the role of digital transformation—particularly ai‑driven technologies—in teaching and learning through a systematic review of existing research. methods: this study employed a review–documentary research design. relevant peer‑reviewed articles were systematically identified and analyzed from reputable international scientific databases. the selected studies focused on the application of emerging digital technologies and artificial intelligence in educational contexts. data were synthesized to identify dominant themes, instructional outcomes, and implementation challenges associated with digital transformation in education. results: the findings reveal that ai‑based technologies—including adaptive learning systems, learning analytics, smart classrooms, and intelligent educational tools—significantly enhance teaching–learning interactions and overall educational effectiveness. these technologies support real‑time feedback, facilitate the identification of learning patterns, improve formative assessment practices, and promote students' self‑regulated learning. additionally, digital tools contribute to reducing teachers' instructional workload and improving data‑driven educational decision‑making. despite these benefits, several challenges were identified, including unequal access to digital infrastructure, ethical and privacy concerns related to data use, and insufficient digital competencies among educators. conclusions: digital transformation, driven by artificial intelligence and emerging technologies, holds substantial potential to improve educational quality and effectiveness. however, to fully realize these benefits, educational systems must prioritize the development of intelligent educational policies, expand technological infrastructure, and strengthen teachers' digital literacy. addressing ethical, equity, and capacity‑building challenges is essential for the sustainable and effective integration of digital technologies in education.