خوانش نمادها و بینش ها در بخش اساطیری شاهنامه فردوسی و ایلیاد و ادیسه هومر

ﻫﺪف اﯾﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺗﻄﺒﯿﻖ ﻧﻤﺎدﻫﺎ و ﮔﻮﻧﮥ ﺑﯿﻨﺶﻫﺎ در ﺑﺨﺶ اﺳﺎﻃﯿﺮی ﺷﺎﻫﻨﺎﻣﻪ و اﯾﻠﯿﺎد و اودﯾﺴﻪ اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ در ﭘﮋوﻫﺶﻫﺎی ادﺑﯽ ﮐﻼﺳﯿﮏ ﺟﺎﯾﮕﺎﻫﯽ ﺧﺎص دارﻧﺪ. اﯾﻦ ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ از ﻧﻈﺮ ﻫﺪف، ﺑﻨﯿﺎدی و ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس ﻣﺎﻫﯿﺖ ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ ﮔﺮدآوری دادهﻫﺎ، ﮐﯿﻔﯽ و ﻣﺒﺘﻨﯽ ﺑﺮ روش ﺗﻄﺒﯿﻘﯽ ﺗﻮﺻﯿﻔﯽ اﺳﺖ. ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻫﺪف ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ، ﺑﯿﺖﻫﺎ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان واﺣﺪ ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ و ﺑﺮﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪﻫﺎ از ﻣﺘﻦ ﮐﺎﻣﻞ ﺷﺎﻫﻨﺎﻣﮥ ﻓﺮدوﺳﯽ ﺗﺼﺤﯿﺢ ﻫﺸﺖﺟﻠﺪی ﺟﻼل ﺧﺎﻟﻘﯽ ﻣﻄﻠﻖ و ﮐﺘﺎب اﯾﻠﯿﺎد و ادﯾﺴﮥ ﻫﻮﻣﺮ ﺑﺎ ﺗﺮﺟﻤﮥ ﺳﻌﯿﺪ ﻧﻔﯿﺴﯽ اﺳﺖ. ﭼﺎرﭼﻮب ﻧﻈﺮی اﯾﻦ روﯾﮑﺮد ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﻧﻤﺎدﻫﺎ، ﺑﯿﻨﺶﻫﺎ ﺑﺎ ﻣﻘﻮﻟﻪﻫﺎ و اﺳﺘﻌﺎرهﻫﺎی ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮕﯽ ﻣﺒﻨﺎی ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ اﺳﺖ. ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪﻫﺎی ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﻧﻤﺎدﻫﺎ و ﻧﮕﺮشﻫﺎ در ارﺗﺒﺎط اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ ﻣﺒﺘﻨﯽ ﺑﺮ ﻓﻠﺴﻔﮥ ﻓﮑﺮی ﺧﺮدﮔﺮاﯾﺎﻧﻪ در ﻧﮕﺎه ﻓﺮدوﺳﯽ و ﻫﻮﻣﺮ ﻣﺸﺘﻤﻞ ﺑﺮ ﻣﻮﻟﻔﻪﻫﺎی ﻫﻢزﯾﺴﺘﯽ ﻣﺴﺎﻟﻤﺖآﻣﯿﺰ ﺑﺎ دﯾﮕﺮان، ﻫﻤﭽﻮن: ﮔﻔﺖوﮔﻮی ﺳﺎزﻧﺪه ﻣﯿﺎن اﻓﺮاد، ﻧﮕﺮش ﻣﺒﺘﻨﯽ رﺷﺪﮔﺮاﯾﯽ و ﺗﻌﺎدل ﺑﺨﺸﯽ و ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﻓﻬﻢ ﺑﻮدن ارزشﻫﺎ، اﻫﻤﯿﺖ دﻟﯿﺮی و ﭘﺎﯾﺎﯾﯽ در ﺑﯿﺎن رای و ﮐﺮدار درﺳﺖ و آﮔﺎﻫﯽ اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ اﺳﺖ. در ﻧﺘﯿﺠﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺳﺒﺐ اﺑﻌﺎد ﮔﺴﺘﺮده و ﺟﺎﻣﻌﯿﺖ ﻧﻤﺎدﻫﺎ، در ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮓ ﻣﻠﻞ ﺑﺮ ﺿﺮورت ﺳﺎﺧﺖ اﺑﺰارﻫﺎی ﻣﻌﺘﺒﺮ و ﺑﺴﺘﻪﻫﺎی آﻣﻮزش ﻣﻬﺎرت ﮐﻪ در اﯾﻦ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﯾﯽ ﺷﺪ، ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺷﻮد. ﺳﻮال اﺻﻠﯽ اﯾﻦ اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﻧﻤﺎدﻫﺎی اﺧﻼق در ﻓﻠﺴﻔﻪ ﺣﺎﮐﻢ ﺑﺮ ﮔﻮﻧﮥ ﺑﯿﻨﺶﻫﺎ در ﺟﺎﻣﻌﮥ اﺳﺎﻃﯿﺮی اﯾﺮان و ﯾﻮﻧﺎن ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺎن از ﺣﯿﺚ وﺟﻮه اﻓﺘﺮاق و اﺷﺘﺮاک اﻧﺪﯾﺸﮥ ﻓﺮدوﺳﯽ و ﻧﮕﺎه ﻫﻮﻣﺮ در ﺑﺨﺶ اﺳﺎﻃﯿﺮی و ﺣﻤﺎﺳﯽ ﮐﺪام اﻧﺪ.

reading symbols and insights in the mythological section of ferdowsi's shahnameh and homer's iliad and odyssey

the aim of this research is to compare symbols and insights in the mythological section of shahnameh and iliad and odyssey, which have a special place in classical literary research. this research is fundamental in terms of its purpose and, based on the nature of the research, qualitative and descriptive comparative method. in view of the purpose of the research, the verses are the unit of analysis and the extracts are from the complete text of ferdowsi's shahnameh, revised in eight volumes by jalal khaleghi motlaq, and homer's iliad and odyssey, translated by saeed nafisi. the theoretical framework of this approach, including symbols, insights with cultural categories and metaphors, is the basis of the study. the research findings showed that symbols and attitudes in social communication based on rationalist intellectual philosophy in the eyes of ferdowsi and homer include components of peaceful coexistence with others, such as: constructive dialogue between individuals, a growth-based attitude and balancing and comprehensibility of values, the importance of courage and reliability in expressing opinions and correct actions, and social awareness. as a result, due to the broad dimensions and comprehensiveness of symbols, in the culture of nations, attention should be paid to the necessity of creating reliable tools and skill training packages that were identified in this study. the main question is what are the symbols of ethics in philosophy governing the types of insights in the mythological society of iran and ancient greece in terms of the differences and similarities between ferdowsi's thought and homer's view in the mythological and epic part.