green synthesis of cuo nanoparticles from 𝑃𝑒𝑙𝑡𝑜𝑝ℎ𝑜𝑟𝑢𝑚 𝑝𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑜𝑐𝑎𝑟𝑝𝑢𝑚 fruits: an efficient nanocatalysis for synthesis of benzothiazole derivatives with enhanced antimicrobial properties

Plant-extracted nanoparticles represent a burgeoning field of nanotechnology, offering a sustainable and eco-friendly approach to nanoparticle synthesis. this study reports the green and eco-friendly synthesis of cuo nanoparticles using the fruits of peltophorum pterocarpum and their application as nanocatalysts in synthesizing benzothiazole derivatives. the bio-derived cuo nanoparticles were thoroughly characterized using x-ray diffraction (xrd), fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (ftir), scanning electron microscopy (sem), and energy dispersive x-ray (edx) techniques. a notable feature of this method is the single-step condensation between 6-substituted-2-aminobenzothiazoles and aromatic aldehydes, which yields novel hetero compounds with an impressive 90-96% yield in less than 2 minutes under microwave irradiation in a solvent-free environment. the synthesized compounds were screened for their antibacterial properties and exhibited significant activity against e. coli, s. aureus, p. aeruginosa, and b. subtilis. in addition, they showed antifungal efficacy against c. albicans and s. cerevisiae. the chemical structures of these compounds were confirmed through infrared spectroscopy (ir), 1h-nmr, mass, and uv spectral analysis, while their purity was verified using tlc. notably, the antibacterial activity of these synthesized compounds was found to be superior to that of the original benzothiazole derivatives. the primary advantage of this approach lies in the short reaction time coupled with the excellent yield of prepared.