hunting cooperation in prey-predator models: spatiotemporal patterns and bifurcation analysis with holling type iv response

This study examines a class of predator models that incorporate cooperative predation within specialized carnivore populations. the functional response is parameterized, and numerical simulations are employed to support the analytical investigation of pattern formation potential. the principal finding of this work is that stable turing patterns, such as stripes, can emerge when predator distributions are more localized than those of their prey. specialized predator groups that cooperate in hunting contribute to the formation of prey aggregation zones (roost patches), as cooperation enhances predation efficiency. the results demonstrate that although predators exhibit limited mobility, cooperative behavior during hunting promotes both successful predation and long-term coexistence with prey populations.