تحلیل تطبیقی و انتقادی مکانیزم ماشه در حقوق بین‌الملل معاصر (با تکیه بر برجام و قطعنامه 2231 شورای امنیت)

ﻣﮑﺎﻧﯿﺰم ﻣﺎﺷﻪ ﯾﺎ snapback، ﺳﺎزوﮐﺎری ﻧﻮﯾﻦ ﺑﺮای ﺗﻀﻤﯿﻦ اﺟﺮای ﺗﻌﻬﺪات و ﺑﺎزﮔﺸﺖ ﺗﺤﺮﯾﻢﻫﺎ در ﺻﻮرت ﻧﻘﺾ ﺳﺎزش ﻃﺮﻓﯿﻦ، ﺑﻪوﯾﮋه در زﻣﯿﻨﻬﯽ ﻫﺴﺘﻪای اﯾﺮان و در ﻗﺎﻟﺐ ﺑﺮﺟﺎم و ﻗﻄﻌﻨﺎﻣﻪ 2231، وارد ادﺑﯿﺎت ﺣﻘﻮق ﺑﯿﻦاﻟﻤﻠﻞ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ. اﯾﻦ ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ ﺑﺎ روﯾﮑﺮدی ﺗﻄﺒﯿﻘﯽ و اﻧﺘﻘﺎدی، ﺿﻤﻦ اﺳﺘﻌﺎﻧﺖ از ﺟﺪﯾﺪﺗﺮﯾﻦ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﻣﻌﺘﺒﺮ، ﺗﻼش ﻣﯽﮐﻨﺪ اﺑﻌﺎد ﺣﻘﻮﻗﯽ، ﺳﯿﺎﺳﯽ، اﺟﺮاﯾﯽ و ﭘﯿﺎﻣﺪﻫﺎی ﻋﻤﻠﯽ اﯾﻦ ﻣﮑﺎﻧﯿﺰم را ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ و ﭼﺎﻟﺶﻫﺎ و ﻓﺮﺻﺖﻫﺎی ﭘﯿﺶرو را ﮐﺎوش ﮐﻨﺪ. درک ﻋﻤﯿﻖ از اﯾﻦ ﺳﺎزوﮐﺎر ﻣﺴﺘﻠﺰم ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﺧﺎﺳﺘﮕﺎه، ﻣﺒﺎﻧﯽ، ﺳﺎزوﮐﺎرﻫﺎی اﺟﺮاﯾﯽ، ﻧﻘﺎط ﻗﻮت و ﺿﻌﻒ و ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ ﭼﮕﻮﻧﮕﯽ ﻣﻮاﺟﻬﻪ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻬﯽ ﺑﯿﻦاﻟﻤﻠﻠﯽ ﺑﺎ آن اﺳﺖ. اﯾﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻤﺮﮐﺰ ﺑﺮ ﭼﺎرﭼﻮب ﺣﻘﻮﻗﯽ ﺑﯿﻦاﻟﻤﻠﻠﯽ و ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﺗﻄﺒﯿﻘﯽ، ﺷﮑﺎفﻫﺎی ﻣﻮﺟﻮد در ﺗﻔﺴﯿﺮ و اﺟﺮای ﻣﮑﺎﻧﯿﺰم ﻣﺎﺷﻪ را ﻣﻮرد ارزﯾﺎﺑﯽ ﻗﺮار داده و ﭘﯿﺸﻨﻬﺎدات ﺳﯿﺎﺳﺘﯽ را ﺑﺮای ﻣﺪﯾﺮﯾﺖ ﺑﻬﺘﺮ ﭼﺎﻟﺶﻫﺎی آﺗﯽ اراﺋﻪ ﻣﯽدﻫﺪ.

comparative and critical analysis of the trigger mechanism in contemporary international law (based on the jcpoa and security council resolution 2231)

the snapback mechanism is considered a relatively new institution in international law, designed to create credible guarantees for the enforcement of international obligations, especially within the structure of the joint comprehensive plan of action (jcpoa) and united nations security council resolution 2231. this article examines the legal foundations, historical background, and practical application of the snapback mechanism by analyzing the latest scholarly sources and current legal doctrine. in addition to exploring the legal and political dimensions of activating the mechanism, the article compares it with similar mechanisms in other international contexts, highlighting its unique features and challenges. ultimately, by reviewing opposing and supporting views and analyzing the practical experiences of stakeholder states, the article seeks to clarify the strengths and weaknesses of the snapback mechanism and, in conclusion, offer policy recommendations for improving its legitimacy and efficiency in future international arrangements.