تحلیل جامعه‌شناختی نمایشنامۀ «داستانِ بیچاره‌زاده» از منظر نابودی طبقۀ متوسط نوین و انقلاب مشروطه در ایران

براساس نظریه‌ ساختگرایی تکوینی گلدمن آثار هنری پاسخ‌های معنادار به روزگار و زمانه‌ خود هستند و حاصل برآمدن یک طبقه و رسیدن اعضای آن به کلیت یکپارچه و بیشینه‌ آگاهی ممکن. نمایشنامه‌ «داستان بیچاره‌زاده» در اواخر زمانه‌ مشروطه نوشته شده و در آن ساختارهایی که طبقه‌ روشنفکر به دنبال پدیدآوردن آنها بوده‌اند رو به ویرانی است. مشروطه از معنای خود تهی شده و مبارزان واقعیِ راهِ خود را طرد کرده است و دیگرانی با سابقه‌ استبداد رنگ عوض کرده و خود را مشروطه‌خواه می‌خوانند. از این رو این نمایشنامه، متفاوت با نمایشنامه‌های اولیه‌ روزگار مشروطه اندیشه، ساختار و لحن تازه‌ای از روزگار خود ارائه می‌دهد که با توصیف و تشریح جامعه‌شناسانه قابل بررسی است. این تحقیق به روش توصیفی-تحلیلی انجام شده و با استفاده از منابع کتابخانه‌ای کوشیده است تا خوانشی جامعه‌شناختی از نمایشنامه با نگاه به ساختارهای اجتماعی روزگار خودش ارائه دهد. با بررسی نمایشنامه در دولایه‌ توصیف و تشریح مشخص می‌شود که این نمایشنامه یک ساختار رو به زوال را روایت می‌کند از این رو در پرده‌ آغازین همانند نمایشنامه‌های پیشین شیوه‌ کمدی و نقد اجتماعی دارد اما هرچه پیش می‌رود لحنی تلخ و اندوه‌بار می‌یابد و در پایان با سقوط دل‌گداز قهرمان به تراژدی می‌رسد. در ساختار تازه‌ای که این نوشته ارائه می‌دهد خود طبقه‌ روشنفکر و ایده‌ روشنفکری به طور جدی نقد می‌شود. زیرا مشروطه‌خواهان واقعی از میان رفته‌ یا تغییر رویه داده‌اند و تمام ساختارهای عادلانه و نهادهای مردمی در ایران شکست خورده است. از این رو با پایان این نمایش هم مشروطه و هم طبقه‌ روشنفکر ویران می‌شوند.

a sociological analysis of the play, “the story of bichareh zadeh” using the destruction approach to the new middle class and the constitutional revolution in iran

according to goldmann’s theory of formative constructivism, works of art are meaningful responses to their time and are the result of the emergence of a class and the attainment of its members as a whole and the highest possible consciousness. the play the poor story was written at the end of the constitutional period and in which the structures that the intellectual class sought to create are being destroyed. the constitution has lost its meaning and the real fighters have rejected their way, and others have changed their color with a history of tyranny and call themselves constitutionalists. hence, this play, different from the early plays of the constitutional era, presents a new idea, structure and tone of its time, which can be examined by sociological description. this research has been done in a descriptive-analytical method and has used library resources to try to provide a sociological reading of the play by looking at the social structures of its time. examining the play in two layers of description and description, it is clear that this play narrates a declining structure. the hero’s heartbreak leads to tragedy. in the neaccording to goldman’s theory of genetic constructivism, works of art are meaningful responses to their time and the result of the emergence of a class and the attainment of coherent totality and the maximum possible consciousness by its members. the play “the story of bichareh zadeh” was written at the end of the constitutional period, in which the structures that the intellectual class sought to create were being destroyed. mashrouteh has lost its meaning and rejected its real fighters and others with a history of tyranny disguised and calling themselves constitutionalists. hence, this play is written differently from the early plays of the constitutional era, with a new structure and tone. this research is descriptive-analytical and the library resources were used to provide a sociological reading of the play in the social structures of its time. examining the play in two layers of comprehension and explication shows that this play narrates a declining structure. therefore, in the opening scene, like in the previous plays, it has a style of comedy and social criticism, but as it goes on, it finds a bitter and sad tone, and, in the end, the hero reaches a tragic fall. in the new structure of this play, the intellectual class and the intellectual idea itself are seriously criticized. because the real constitutionalists have disappeared or changed their course, all the just structures and popular institutions in iran have failed. hence, at the end of this play, both the constitution and the intellectual class will be destroyed.w structure that this paper presents, the intellectual class and the intellectual idea itself are seriously criticized. because the real constitutionalists have disappeared or changed their course, and all the just structures and popular institutions in iran have failed. hence, with the end of this play, both the constitution and the intellectual class will be destroyed.