remaining useful life prediction for a multi-component system with degradation interactions

Remaining useful life (rul) prediction is crucial in prognostics and health management (phm) systems. the primary objective is to forecast the time to failure (ttf) or anticipate the rul of a system. in real industrial cases, systems typically consist of multiple components that can affect each other, and ignoring these dependencies when modeling phm systems can lead to erroneous rul predictions and ineffective maintenance planning. recognizing this, the focus of this paper is on the prognostics of multi-component systems, where the degradation processes of the system are influenced by both internal factors specific to the components and external factors related to the environment.