principle concepts in futures studies: a narrative review

Context: our world is characterized by a dynamic landscape of variations, complexities, uncertainties, and ambiguities (vuca). these elements manifest in various domains, including politics, economics, communication, information, science, and research, all of which significantly impact our lives. it is crucial for policymakers and managers to adopt a forward-thinking approach to comprehend these vuca elements and their implications for the future. the future will undoubtedly differ from the present and the past. however, humans possess an inherent desire to understand and anticipate the future, particularly in the face of uncertainty. therefore, exploring and understanding the future is not just a curiosity, but a necessity. futures studies can serve as a valuable tool in this context, enabling us to efficiently leverage opportunities and resources to navigate the chaotic environment. review studies play a pivotal role in this process by reviewing existing work and synthesizing knowledge in a specific field. this study aims to collate findings related to the key concepts of futures research, thereby contributing to our collective understanding and preparation for the future.